吸附/吸收式空气取水技术研究进展

Research Progress in Adsorption/absorption-based Atmospheric Water Harvesting

吸附/吸收式空气取水技术操作简易、取水能耗低,是缓解淡水资源短缺的有效措施。本文对吸附/吸收式空气取水技术近年来的研究进展进行了系统综述,介绍了吸附/吸收式空气取水技术的基本原理和主要材料类别,总结了吸附/吸收设备的材料放置结构、设备运行方式和应用场景。吸附/吸收材料包括传统的多孔结构材料、吸湿盐和新型有机空气取水材料。目前,各类研究已在提高材料的吸附性能、拓宽材料应用范围以及减少吸水-释水所需能耗方面取得重大进展。然而,吸附/吸收材料仍存在机械性能较差和无法型材化等问题,亟待后续更加深入的研究。吸附/吸收设备中的材料可通过平铺放置、中心轴放置、褶皱放置等多种结构形式进行空气取水应用,设备可采用一天一循环或一天多循环的模式运行。除了直接收集液态水以外,吸附/吸收式空气取水设备还可用于培育生态农场,为缓解地区淡水资源匮乏和食物短缺等问题提供了思路。

The technology of adsorption/absorption atmospheric water harvesting is characterized by ease of operation,low energy consumption,and represents an effective measure to mitigate the scarcity of fresh water resources.A systematic review of recent research progress in this field is presented and an introduction is provided to the basic principles and main material categories of adsorption/absorption air water extraction technology,as well as a summary of the material placement structure,equipment operation mode,and application field of adsorption/absorption equipment.Adsorption/absorption materials include traditional porous structural materials,hygroscopic salts,and new organic air water intake materials.Currently,significant advancements have been made in enhancing the adsorption performance of materials,broadening their application scope,and reducing the energy consumption required for water absorption and release.Nevertheless,there are still challenges related to poor mechanical properties and incapability to be shaped into profiles for adsorption/absorption materials that necessitate further comprehensive investigation.The adsorption/absorption equipment can be utilized for air-water intake applications through various structural configurations,including flat placement,central axis placement,fold placement,etc.This equipment is capable of operating in either a daily cycle or multiple cycle mode.Apart from directly collecting liquid water,the adsorption/absorption atmospheric water harvesting equipment can also serve as an innovative solution for cultivating ecological farms,thereby offering potential strategies to mitigate regional freshwater resource scarcity and food shortages.