印度对中南半岛国家发展援助策略的调整及其动因

Abstracts Southeast Asian Studies Number 12024 The Adjustment and Motivation of India's Development Assistance Strategy to Countries in Indochina Peninsula

进入21世纪以来,随着经济实力的增强,出于提升大国影响力的需要,印度加大了对发展中国家(以周边国家为主)的援助。中南半岛因地理上毗邻印度,获得了印度在基础设施、能力建设、军事培训、文化遗产修复等领域的发展援助。莫迪上台后,基于落实“邻国优先”、“东向行动”政策的需要,对中南半岛国家的发展援助策略进行了调整:基础设施建设转向小型化、速效项目;在能力建设领域,则将技术援助与培养“知印”“友印”人士密切结合;军事援助突破原来的培训范畴,大力向越南倾斜且开始涉足军备供应;文化遗产修复侧重于与印度教相关的文化遗产项目。莫迪政府对中南半岛国家发展援助策略的调整是印度内部与外部因素在经济、政治、文化三个层面联动的结果:一是大国在该地区的发展援助竞争日益激烈与印度自身经济实力的限度,二是印度内外地缘战略利益的推动,三是印度教民族主义兴起背景下输出文化软实力的战略需要。总体而言,莫迪政府的发展援助策略具有强烈的功利主义、利己主义与战略竞争的色彩。

Since the beginning of the 21st century,with the increase of economic strength and the need to enhance the influence of major powers,India has intensified its assistance to developing countries(mostly neighboring countries).Due to its geopolitical adjacency,the Indochina Peninsula has garnered development assistance from India,spanning various sectors including infrastructure,capacity building,military training,as well as heritage restoration.After Modi came to power,based on the imperative to implement the“Neighborhood First”and“Act East”policy,he has adjusted India's strategy of development assistance in this region.Infrastructure tends to be smaller-scale,quick-impact projects.The field of capacity building is manifested as a combination of technical assistance and training people who“know India”and“friend India”.Military assistance is beyond training program and concentrated on Vietnam,and began to get involved in army supply.Cultural heritage restoration focuses on cultural heritage projects related to Hindu.The adjustment of the Modi government s development assistance strategy to the countries in Indochina is the result of the interaction between India s internal and external factors at the economic,political,and cultural level:One is the increasing competition among major powers for development assistance in this region and the limitation of India's own economic power,the other is the push of India's internal and external geo-strategic interests,and the third is the strategic need to export its cultural soft power in the context of the rise of Hindu nationalism.The development assistance strategy of the Modi's government is strongly colored by utilitarianism,egoism and strategic competition.