维生素B1注射液皮肤过敏试验反应性和治疗安全性分析

目的 分析维生素B1注射液皮肤过敏试验结果和治疗安全性。方法 收集2020年1月至2021年12月行维生素B1皮试患者的临床资料,分析患者皮试阳性率和相关因素,皮试后维生素B1肌注或使用其他维生素B1制剂的不良反应发生率。结果 维生素B1皮试阳性率为17.07%。共549例皮试阴性患者肌注维生素B1注射液,不良反应发生率为0.95%,其中1例为严重过敏反应。59例皮试阳性患者接受静脉补充复方水溶性维生素或口服含维生素B1制剂治疗,均未发现不良反应。结论 维生素B1皮试阳性率高,可能存在假阳性和假阴性,需更深入探讨维生素B1皮试预测过敏的价值,完善相关规章制度。

Objective To analyze the results of skin allergy test with Vitamin B1 injection and the safety of its treatment.Methods Basic characteristics of patients who underwent skin tests with Vitamin B1 injection and their skin tests and adverse drug reactions information were retrospectively extracted from all discharged cases in a tertiary hospital from January 1,2020 to December 31,2021.The positive rate of skin tests of Vitamin B1 injection and related factors were analyzed,as well as the incidence of adverse reactions after intramuscular injection of Vitamin B1 or treatment with other Vitamin B1 preparations after skin tests.Results The positive rate of skin tests with Vitamin B1 was 17.07%,and the average age of positive patients was significantly lower than that of negative patients(P<0.001).The proportion of female patients with positive skin tests was significantly higher than that of male patients(P=0.005).Among the 549 patients who had negative results of skin tests and received intramuscular injection of Vitamin B1,the incidence of adverse reactions was 0.95%,and one case was a severe adverse reaction.Among the 59 patients who had negative results of skin tests and received intravenous supplementation of compound water-soluble vitamins or oral Vitamin B1 tablets,fursultiamine tablets,or enteral nutrition preparations,no adverse reactions were found.Conclusion The positive rate of skin allergy tests with Vitamin B1 injection is high,and false positive and false negative results may exist.Further research is needed to explore the value of skin test with Vitamin B1 in predicting allergies and to improve relevant regulations and systems.