祛魅与返魅:太极拳技击的理性审视

Disenchantment and Re-enchantment:A Rational Examination of Taijiquan Fighting Techniques

太极拳技击的发展演进是太极拳技击形象从祛魅走向返魅的逻辑进程。以马克斯·韦伯的祛魅理论为切入点,运用文献资料、历史研究、逻辑推理等研究方法,理性审视传统太极拳技击的祛魅历程及其所引发的危机,进而提出现代太极拳技击形象的返魅路径。研究认为:(1)“克力斯玛”光环加持、操化传习与对抗的“缺席”以及技击的“求巧”指向使得传统太极拳技击的祛魅化发展成为历史的必然选择。(2)学术祛魅与实践祛魅共同构成了两条太极拳技击的演进脉络,并引发了对太极拳技击的信任崩塌、技击技术至上主义盛行等危机。(3)现代太极拳技击形象的返魅理路应以太极推手项目为抓手,彰显太极拳技击之门内形象;以综合格斗竞技场、警务实战为应用平台,重塑太极拳技击之门外形象。

The development of Taijiquan fighting is a logical process in which the image of Taijiquan has evolved from disenchant⁃ment to re-enchantment in modern society.Taking Max Weber's Disenchantment Theory as a breakthrough point,and using the meth⁃ods of literature review,historical research and logical reasoning,this present paper examines the disenchantment process of traditional Taijiquan fighting techniques and the crisis it triggered,and then puts forward the re-enchantment path for the image of modern Tai⁃jiquan.It is concluded that:(1)The aura blessing of"chrisma",the"absence"of training and confrontation,and the"seeking for cleverness"orientation of martial arts make the disenchantment of traditional Taijiquan fighting techniques an inevitable choice in histo⁃ry.(2)Academic disenchantment and practical disenchantment together have constituted the two evolutionary paths of Taijiquan and triggered such crises as the collapse of trust in Taijiquan and the prevalence of fighting supremacy.(3)The way to revitalize the image of modern Taijiquan should use the Taiji push hand event as the starting point to highlight the internal image of Taijiquan fighting;use MMA and police combat as the application platforms to reshape the external image of Taijiquan fighting.