“象”与“意”:云冈石窟武术造像整理与研究

"Image"and"Meaning":the Arrangement and Research of Martial Arts Statues in Yungang Grottoes

云冈石窟是我国古代佛教石窟造像的杰出代表,是中华民族的文化宝库,不仅在历史、宗教、艺术等方面具有重要的意义,在体育方面也有独特的内涵,具有极高的研究价值。文章从过往研究较少涉及的武术文史视角出发,运用文献资料法、实地调查法、图像分析法、三重证据法等研究方法对云冈石窟中的武术造像进行研究,对其数量、题材、布局、美学形态、文化意象进行全方位地梳理、归纳和探索。研究表明:云冈石窟共有163幅武术造像,涉及射箭、拳技、力士托举、持械四种项目,其宏观布局与微观动作等外在之“象”,以直观的和不可替代的方式印证了北魏时期中华武艺的历史演进,呈现出佛武合一下的东方硕武之美以及南北朝时代特有的胡汉民族融合之“意”。

The Yungang Grottoes are an exceptional representation of ancient Buddhist rock sculptures in China,serving as a cul⁃tural treasure trove of the Chinese nation.They bear significant relevance not only in the realms of history,religion,and art,but also in sports,offering profound connotations and remarkable research value.This study,from the relatively under-explored perspective of martial arts history,uses the methods of literature review,field study,image analysis,and tripartite evidence to investigate the martial arts statues found in the Yungang Grottoes.By comprehensively cataloging,summarizing,and exploring the quantity,subject matter,layout,aesthetic form,and cultural imagery of the martial art statues,the research found that there are 163 martial arts statues in the Yungang Grottoes,covering the themes of archery,boxing,strongman lifting,and weaponry.The"image"of their macro-layout and micro-movements,serving as an intuitive and irreplaceable proof,reflects the historical evolution of Chinese martial arts during the Northern Wei Dynasty.It showcases the aesthetic beauty of unity between Buddhism and martial arts and the distinctive"meaning"of the fusion of various ethnicities during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.