故交、宗盟与外臣:蕃书所见会昌以后唐与黠戛斯关系的演变

Old Friends, Clan Ally, and Vassal on the Outside:The Changes in Relationship between Tang and Xiajiasi after Huichang Period in Fanshu Imperial Edicts

会昌年间,灭亡漠北回鹘政权的黠戛斯再次与唐朝取得了联系,希望获得唐朝的册封来强化自身在草原的统治。唐朝对待这位强大新邻的态度最初非常谨慎,表达敬意却不明确承诺;直到确认双方过去交往的历史后,为争取在回鹘问题上的合作,才以所谓“同族”关系为基础,与黠戛斯确立了宗盟关系,最终给予其册封。唐朝末年,随着黠戛斯西归,双方地理距离被拉远,各自诉求发生变化,虽友好依旧,但唐朝对待黠戛斯的礼仪却有所下降。蕃书王言向我们展示了会昌以后唐与黠戛斯关系演变的三个阶段及天下秩序下唐朝与民族政权交往的诸多细节。

In the Huichang period,Xiajiasi destroyed the Mobei Uyghur Khanate,contacted with the Tang Dynasty again in order to receive a title from Tang and strengthen their own rule of grassland.The Tang Dynasty adopted a cautious attitude towards this powerful new neighbor,firstly paid respect without making a clear commitment.After confirming previous relationship,the Tang Dynasty established a clan relationship with the Xiajiasi based on their hypothetical common ancestor in order to seek cooperation on the Uyghur issue,and finally conferred the title on the Xiajiasi Khan.At the end of the Tang Dynasty,there was also a friendly relationship between Tang and Xiajiasi,but the standard of etiquette for Xiajiasi became lowered,because Xiajiasi had already returned to the west,the distance between two sides had grown and their demands had changed.Fanshu imperial edicts shows us the three stages of relationship between Tang and Xiajiasi after recontacting,and the details of regime exchanges under the Tianxia order.