铝合金低压铸造过程数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Low Pressure Die Casting Process of Aluminum Alloy

铝合金密度小、比强度高,常作为汽车轻量化材料。低压铸造充型平稳,能成形复杂薄壁铸件,广泛应用于汽车典型零部件的制造。为优化低压铸造工艺、减少铸件缺陷、获得优良组织性能的铸件,运用集成计算材料工程与多尺度数值模拟方法对铝合金低压铸造过程开展研究,具有重要的科学意义与工程价值。本文全面综述了低压铸造铝合金凝固过程数值模拟技术的发展,分析了充型过程和凝固过程的宏观数值模拟及其常用算法,归纳总结了元胞自动机模拟铝合金初生相和共晶相的微观组织演变的研究现状,展望了铝合金低压铸造过程数值模拟的未来发展方向。

Aluminum alloys,characterized by their low density and high specific strength,are commonly used as lightweight materials in automobiles.Low pressure die casting facilitates smooth filling and the formation of complex,thin-walled castings,making it widely applicable in the manufacturing of typical automotive components.To optimize the low-pressure casting process,reduce casting defects,and obtain castings with superior mechanical properties,Integrated computational materials engineering(ICME) and multi-scale numerical simulation methods have been utilized to study the low pressure die casting process of aluminum alloys,which bear significant scientific and engineering value.This article provides a comprehensive review of the development of numerical simulation techniques for solidification in low pressure die casting of aluminum alloys.It concludes macro numerical simulations and their common algorithms for the filling and solidification processes,summarizes the current state of research on the microstructural evolution of primary and eutectic phases in aluminum alloys using the cellular automaton simulation,and forecasts the future development directions of numerical simulations for the solidification process in low pressure die casting of aluminum alloys.