世界主要经济体能源战略与未来技术研究

Research on Energy Strategies and Future Technologies of the World′s Major Economies

预见未来能源技术的创新方向,对科学制定未来能源产业政策、布局未来能源技术具有重要意义。综合分析中国、美国、欧洲、英国、日本5个世界主要经济体的能源战略与技术线路,结果发现,未来能源系统正在向绿色、低碳、高效转型,且日益重视能源战略安全和技术创新,能源技术创新成为世界科技投入的重点领域并不断取得新突破。以中国国家能源技术创新体系为基础内核,参考美欧英日的最新能源科技创新方向,构建了具有全球视角、融入最新技术进展的未来能源技术体系,对化石能源、核能、风能、太阳能、海洋能、生物质能、地热能、氢能、储能、智慧能源、节能等主要能源领域和相关细分技术方向进行梳理。为抓住能源产业未来发展机遇,中国要找准能源技术创新方向,合理布局低、中、高技术就绪度的关键技术,大力发展融合类、集成类技术,牢牢掌控关键材料与装备技术。同时,为加速推动科技成果转化,建议建立可容错的科技创新机制,打造完备高效的技术创新链。

Foreseeing the innovation direction of energy technologies in the future is of great significance for the scientific formulation of future energy industry policies and the layout of future energy technologies.The comprehensive analysis of the energy strategies and technology routes of five major economies in the world including China,the United States,Europe,the United Kingdom and Japan shows that the future energy system is transforming towards a green,low-carbon and efficient one,with increasing attention paid to energy strategic security and technological innovation,and that energy technology innovation has become a key area of scientific and technological investment worldwide and continue to make new breakthroughs.Based on China′s national energy technology innovation system and referring to the latest energy technology innovation directions of the United States,Europe,the United Kingdom and Japan,a future energy technology system with a global perspective and incorporating the latest technological progress has been built.Major energy fields such as fossil energy,nuclear energy,wind energy,solar energy,ocean energy,biomass energy,geothermal energy,hydrogen energy,energy storage,smart energy and energy conservation as well as their related subdivisions of technical direction are sorted out.In order to seize the future development opportunities of the energy industry,China should identify the direction of energy technology innovation,rationalize the layout of key technologies with low,medium and high technology readiness level,vigorously develop integrated technologies,and firmly control key materials and equipment technologies.At the same time,in order to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,it is recommended to establish a fault-tolerant scientific and technological innovation mechanism and build a complete and efficient technological innovation chain.