三元水滑石类化合物的合成及应用进展

Progress in Synthesis and Application of Ternary Hydrotalcite-like Compounds

二维纳米材料具有高比表面积和特殊的层间空间,因此展现出独特的物理化学性质。三元水滑石类化合物是重要的层状化合物,其多种金属离子的复杂性使其具有可调节的粒径分布、层间结构、孔隙分布、酸碱性、离子交换性和热稳定性等。通过对三元水滑石类化合物制备方法 的研究和精细结构的设计,使其在电化学、催化、吸附、聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定和医药卫生等领域展现出独特的应用潜力:作为电极材料可应用于碱性电池、氧气析出反应(OER)、亚硝酸盐氧化等过程;通过调节三元水滑石类化合物的离子配比,结合离子改性、负载、焙烧等方法 可将其用于罗丹明B(RhB)、亚甲基蓝、甲基橙等物质的光催化降解;利用三元水滑石类化合物的层间空隙,可以通过静电吸附或化学吸附实现重金属阳离子、阴离子及有机污染物的脱除;利用其碱性可吸收PVC分解产生的HCl,提高PVC的热稳定性;将三元水滑石类化合物与具有抗菌、抗癌、消炎功能的活性物质复合,可用于生物医药材料合成。

Two-dimensional nanomaterials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties due to their high specific surface area and special interlayer space.Ternary hydrotalcite-like compounds are important layered compounds,which have adjustable particle size distribution,interlayer structure,pore distribution,acid and alkalinity,ion exchange and thermal stability due to the complexity of various metal ions.Through the study on the preparation method of ternary hydrotalcite-like compounds and the design of fine structure,their unique application potential is shown in fields such as electrochemistry,catalysis,adsorption,thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),and medicine and health.As electrode material,they can be used in alkaline batteries,oxygen evolution reaction(OER),nitrite oxidation and other processes.By adjusting the ion ratio of ternary hydrotalcite-like compounds,they can be used in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB),methylene blue and methyl orange combined with methods such as ion modification,loading and roasting.Heavy metal cations and anions and organic pollutants can be removed via electrostatic adsorption or chemisorption by using the interlayer space of ternary hydrotalcite-like compounds.The HCl produced from PVC decomposition can be absorbed using the alkalinity of ternary hydrotalcite-like compounds to improve the thermal stability of PVC.Ternary hydrotalcite-like compounds can be used in the synthesis of biomedical materials after compounding with active substances with antibacterial,anticancer and anti-inflammatory functions.