花生与绿肥轮作对土壤含水量和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Peanut and Green Fertilizer Rotation on Soil Water Content and Soil Fertility

探讨在冬春裸地上种植绿肥对后茬作物春花生养分含量、土壤含水量和土壤肥力的影响,为山东地区春花生等冬闲田建立一种合理的轮作方式提供理论依据。在田间试验条件下,设置了春花生—冬闲田、夏花生—冬小麦、春花生—二月兰和春花生—毛叶苕子4种轮作处理。结果表明:种植二月兰和毛叶苕子绿肥作物,可促进后茬作物花生氮磷钾养分增加,二月兰增加程度高于毛叶苕子。种植二月兰和毛叶苕子绿肥作物,可提高后茬作物花生土壤含水量和土壤肥力,在0~20 cm土层中,2021年,与春花生—冬闲田相比,春花生—二月兰、春花生—毛叶苕子土壤相对含水量分别升高了4.70%、6.14%,在20~40、40~60 cm土层中也表现出相似趋势,2022年与2021年相比,表现出相似规律;与春花生—冬闲田相比,春花生—二月兰处理有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量平均增加了5.71%、8.98%、7.22%和7.72%,春花生—毛叶苕子处理有机质、碱解氮含量平均增加了4.54%、14.91%。可以利用春花生种植期间的冬春裸地种植一季冬绿肥,促进后茬作物养分积累量增加,改善土壤肥力。

To explore the effects of green fertilizer planting on spring peanut nutrient content,soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops on bare land in winter and spring,and to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable rotation mode in spring peanut and other idle winter fields in Shandong,four rotation modes of spring peanut—winter idle field,summer peanut—winter wheat,spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa were set up under the field experiment conditions.The results showed that planting the green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could promote the increase of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients of later crops,and the increase degree of Orychophragmus violaceus was higher than that of vicia villosa.Planting green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could improve soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops.In 0-20 cm soil layer,soil moisture content of spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa in 2021 increased by 4.70%and 6.14%,respectively,compared with spring peanut—winter idle field.Similar trends were also observed in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers,and a similar pattern was observed in 2022 compared with 2021.Compared with spring peanut—winter idle field,the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus treatment increased by 5.71%,8.98%,7.22%and 7.72%on average,while the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in spring peanut—vicia villosa treatment increased by 4.54%and 14.91%on average.In conclusion,green fertilizer can be planted on bare land in winter and spring during spring peanut planting to promote the increase of nutrient accumulation of later crops and improve soil fertility.