一次冰雹过程降水量观测对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Precipitation Observation During a Hail Process

为了比较翻斗雨量计、称重雨量计和DSG5降水天气现象仪对冰雹过程降水量的探测性能,分析了一次降雹过程中的降水粒子谱特征,探讨了区分雨滴和冰雹的方法,对3种设备获取的分钟降水量时间序列进行了综合对比和统计检验。结果表明:翻斗雨量计、称重雨量计测量和由DSG5计算的过程分钟降水量序列具有较好的一致性,服从同一个连续分布;利用DSG5雨滴谱资料不仅可以区分冰雹过程中的降雨量和降雹量,而且能快速灵敏地侦测到降水的起始、结束时间,更准确地反映降水强度的时间变化,可为中小尺度天气系统的研究提供精准的降水变化信息;翻斗雨量计和称重雨量计对冰雹过程分钟降水量的观测存在一定的缓冲,不能准确描述降水量实时强度的变化;称重雨量计观测的分钟降水量序列存在明显的滞后。

In order to study the method of measuring precipitation by the DSG5 precipitation weather phenomenon instrument,we compare the detection performance of tipping bucket rain gauge,weighing rain gauge,and the DSG5 precipitation weather phenomenon instrument on precipitation in hail processes.We analyse the characteristics of the precipitation particle spectrum in a hail process.We also discuss the interference of hail on the identification of the DSG5 precipitation weather phenomenon and the method for distinguishing raindrops from hail using raindrop spectrum characteristics.Following this method,we calculate the precipitation formed by raindrops and hail.It is found that hail was easily able to roll into the sampling area from the edge of the DSG5 splash cover or by bouncing on the splash cover,which not only seriously interfered with the judgement of the DSG5 precipitation weather phenomenon but also caused a large error in the precipitation calculated by DSG5.However,the interference particles were generally identified by DSG5 as belonging to the“snow area”.Based on the criterion of DSG5 for different precipitation weather phenomena,the particles that were judged to enter the“snow area”were deleted,and the particles in the“rain with snow”area were merged into the“rain area”.The hail and raindrops in the hail process could be separated.The amount of precipitation formed separately was calculated according to different densities,and then the total precipitation of hail and raindrops was calculated.The calculation results have certain accuracy.The comparative analysis and statistical test of the minute precipitation series of the hail process calculated by the tipping bucket rain gauge,the weighing rain gauge,and the DSG5 show that the minute precipitation series of the process obtained by the tipping bucket rain gauge,the weighing rain gauge,and the DSG5 had good consistency and obeyed the same continuous distribution.Due to the different structures and principles of the equipment,the minute precipitation series obtained by the three methods were also significantly different.The DSG5 could quickly and sensitively detect the start and end times of precipitation,and more accurately reflect the temporal change of precipitation intensity,which could provide accurate precipitation change information for the study of small-and medium-scale weather systems.The tipping bucket rain gauge and the weighing rain gauge had a certain buffer in observing the minute precipitation during the hail process and could not accurately describe the change in the real-time intensity of the minute precipitation.The minute precipitation sequence observed by the weighing rain gauge exhibited an obvious lag during hail processes.