深水钻井井筒压力预测与控制方法研究进展

Research progress in wellbore pressure prediction and control methods for deep water drilling

深水油气资源储量丰富,勘探开发前景十分广阔。井筒压力预测与精准控制对于提高深水油气钻井成功率及施工效率至关重要。为了避免钻井过程中喷、漏、卡、塌等井下复杂情况的发生,其关键点是对井筒压力进行精确预测,进一步采取有效的压力控制措施。以井筒压力预测模型为前提、压力控制为主线,系统阐述了深水油气钻采的单相流、多相流井筒压力预测模型以及单梯度、双梯度、多梯度控压钻井方法基础研究的新进展。结合目前井筒压力预测与控制方法的研究现状,提出了控压钻井技术的重点攻关方向,如酸性气体气侵后井筒流动规律、多梯度控压钻井新方法与配套装备、智能化钻井与井控系统等。该研究成果可以为控压钻井的理论发展与工艺设计提供一定的参考。通过对比研究国内外海洋控压钻井技术的特点、核心装备、工作原理及适应性等,明确不同控压钻井技术的优势与不足之处,综合考虑中国深水区域的地质结构、施工环境与经济效益,对控压钻井技术的发展提出相关建议。

Oil and gas resources indeep water are abundant in reserves,and the exploration and development prospects are very broad.Accurate prediction of wellbore pressure is a prerequisite for achieving control objectives.In order to avoid the occurrence of complex downhole situations such as blowout,leakage,jamming,and collapse during drilling,the key point is to accurately predict the wellbore pressure and further take effective pressure control measures.This article takes the wellbore pressure prediction model as the premise and pressure control as the main line,and systematically elaborates on the new progress of single-phase and multiphase flow wellbore pressure prediction models for deep water oil and gas drilling and production,as well as the basic research on single gradient,dual-gradient,and multi gradient managed pressure drilling(MPD)methods.Based on the current research status of wellbore pressure prediction and control methods,key research directions for the next step of pressure control drilling technology are proposed,such as the flow pattern of wellbore after acid gas invasion,new methods and supporting equipment for multi gradient pressure control drilling,intelligent drilling and well control systems,etc.This study can provide a certain reference for the theoretical development and process design of MPD.By comparing and studying the characteristics,core equipment,working principles,and adaptability of marine pressure control drilling technology at home and abroad,the advantages and disadvantages of different pressure control drilling technologies are clarified.Taking into account the geological structure,construction environment,and economic benefits of China's deepwater areas,relevant suggestions are proposed for the development of MPD technology.