差序整合:农村互助养老实现的机制分析

Differential Integration:An Analysis on the Mechanism of Realizing Rural Mutual-aid Elderly Care

农村互助养老作为居家养老和机构养老的重要补充,是解决农村深度老龄化问题的有效路径。基于差序格局理论,在“关系—制度”分析框架和“差序整合”概念下,通过对河南省W县农村互助养老实践的考察发现,当地基层党组织成功借助乡土社会关系的差序规则,有序动员老人的亲友、邻里、同乡等为其提供养老服务。究其实现机制,具体包括以重塑认知为重点的制度嵌入、以均衡互利为核心的关系整合、以满足需求为关键的行动激励、以责任践履为要求的多方问责机制,差序整合为农村互助养老的可持续发展提供了规引制度、关系基础、参与动力和履责保障,实现了社会关系、制度规约、行动主体的全面整合,推动了农村养老服务高质量发展。

As an important supplement to home-based and institutional care,rural mutual-aid elderly care is an effective solution to the challenge of deepening aging in rural areas.Based on the theory of differential order,within the analytical framework of“relationship-institution”and the concept of“integration of differential order”,this paper investigates the practice of rural mutual-aid elderly care in W County,Henan Province,and finds that the local primary-level party organizations have successfully mobilized their relatives,friends,neighbors and fellow villagers to provide care services for the elderly.The mechanism of implementation includes specific aspects such as institutional embedding focusing on reshaping cognition,relationship integration centered on balanced mutual benefit,action incentives prioritizing meeting needs,and multi-party accountability mechanisms requiring responsibility fulfillment.These mechanisms provide institutional guidance,relational foundations,participation incentives,and responsibility guarantees for the sustainable development of rural mutual-aid elderly care.They achieve comprehensive integration of social relations,institutional norms,and action subjects,promoting highquality development of rural elderly care services.