油茶籽粕发酵菌株的筛选鉴定及发酵产物特性分析

Screening and characterization of fermentation strains of camellia sinensis seed meal and fermentation products

油茶行业的迅速发展导致油茶籽粕废弃物的大量产生,其落后的处理方式造成了严重的资源浪费,制约了我国油茶行业的可持续发展。油茶籽粕中富含有机质,利用微生物发酵法降解其中的纤维素、木质素及茶皂素等生物大分子来制备有机肥是实现油茶籽粕合理资源化利用的有效途径。通过筛选获得3株针对油茶籽粕中纤维素和木质素的高效降解菌,包括1株真菌X1-1,属于Pleurostomarichardsiae,以及2株细菌M4-2和M5-2,分别为蒙氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas monteilii)和类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp)属,可有效降低发酵产物中茶皂素的含量,实现油茶籽粕的无害化处理。实验结果显示,经菌株X1-1、M4-2和M5-2发酵处理28 d后,油茶籽粕中纤维素含量的降解率分别为29.74%、19.65%和13.19%,木质素含量的降解率分别为12.84%、17.85%和26.39%,茶皂素含量的降解率分别为34.06%、45.05%和46.15%;且发酵后的油茶籽粕腐熟度、有机质含量和养分含量等指标均符合有机肥标准。研究结果拓展了油茶籽粕的资源化利用途径,同时为木质素和纤维素的高效降解提供了良好的菌种资源。

The rapid development of camellia oleifera industry has led to a large number of camellia oleifera seed residue,which caused serious waste of resources,restricting the sustainable development of China’s camellia oleifera industry.Considering the high contents of organic matter,using camellia oleifera seed residue to prepare organic fertilizer is an effective way for resource utilization.In the process of composting,cellulose,lignin and tea saponin and other biological macromolecules should be effectively biodegraded by microorganisms.In this paper,three highly efficient degrading strains targeting cellulose and lignin in camellia oleifera seed residue were obtained by screening and domestication,including 1 strain of fungus X1-1(Pleurostomarichardsiae),and 2 strains of bacteria M4-2(Pseudomonas monteilii)and M5-2(Paenibacillus sp.).The three strains can also effectively reduce the content of tea saponin in fermentation products,to realize the harmless treatment of camellia oleifera seed residue.The experimental results showed that after 28 days of fermentation with strain X1-1,M4-2 and M5-2,the degradation rates of cellulose content in camellia oleifera seed residue were 29.74%,19.65%and 13.19%,the degradation rates of lignin content were 12.84%,17.85%and 26.39%,and the degradation rates of tea saponin content were 34.06%,45.05%and 46.15%,respectively.Moreover,the maturity,organic matter content,andnutrient content in fermentation product of camellia oleifera seed residue all met the organic fertilizer standards.The results of this study expand the resource utilization path of camellia oleifera seed residue,and provide good strain resources for the efficient degradation of lignin and cellulose.