基于“辨状论质”理论对中药炮制火候的科学内涵研究

Scientific connotation of temperature control in processing of Chinese medicinal materials based on theory of quality evaluation through morphological identification

中药炮制是中国医药遗产的组成部分,是中药前处理工艺中的重要环节,炮制过程中“火候”对中药的品质和药效有直接影响。但药材炮制过程中存在火候判断模糊,全凭人工经验把控火候终点;炮制机制不明确;炮制品质量不稳定;炮制标准不统一等系列问题。中药炮制的火候控制程度体现在中药的外观性状和内在质量,而“辨状论质”理论是对中药的“形、色、味、成分”的综合判断,与中药炮制过程火候的调控相联系,针对这些问题,该文提出解决思路,一是文献挖掘,对传统文献、药工经验采集整理,深刻揭示炮制火候意图和方法演变;二是遵循古法、探究原理、创新炮制工艺技术;三是建立相关标准作业程序(SOP),量化火力火候,为制定规范的中药炮制工艺标准提供理论基础;同时为提高炮制产品品质,增加中药临床使用的安全性和有效性提供依据。

Processing of Chinese medicinal materials is an important part in the Chinese medicine heritage,and the temperature control in the processing has a direct impact on the quality and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines.However,the processing of Chinese medicinal materials has the problems of subjective temperature judgement,determination of the end point based on experience,unclear processing mechanism,unstable quality of products,and inconsistent processing standards.The temperature control in the processing is reflected in the appearance and internal quality of Chinese medicinal materials.The theory of quality evaluation through morphological identification is developed based on the comprehensive evaluation of the shape,color,taste,and components,which is associated with the temperature control in the processing.To solve the problems above,this paper puts forward the following solutions.The first is literature mining.By review of the ancient medical works and pharmaceutical experience,the temperature control in processing and the evolution of processing methods can be revealed.Second,according to the ancient method,the processing principle can be explored,on the basis of which the processing technology can be innovated.Third,the standard operating procedure(SOP)should be established to quantify the fire temperature,providing a theoretical basis for the formulation of Chinese medicinal material processing standards.Moreover,it provides a basis for improving the quality of processed products and increasing the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicines.