多指标评价阳春砂不同部位的差异性

Multi-index evaluation of different parts of Amomum villosum

为研究阳春砂种仁和果壳的质量差异,探讨砂仁去壳使用的合理性,测定原儿茶酸、香草酸、表儿茶素、槲皮苷、挥发油、水浸出物、醇浸出物含量,并采用DPPH、ABTS和羟自由基法评价种仁和果壳的抗氧化活性。以正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)和层次分析(AHP)结合熵权法评价种仁和果壳的质量差异。10个指标在种仁和果壳中均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。表儿茶素、槲皮苷、挥发油在种仁中含量更高;原儿茶酸、香草酸、水浸出物和醇浸出物含量在果壳中含量更高。种仁在DPPH和ABTS自由基上表现更强的清除能力,果壳在羟自由基上表现更好的清除效果。OPLS-DA结果表明种仁和果壳有明显的区分度,且变量投影重要性指标(VIP)筛选出挥发油、水浸出物、DPPH自由基清除率、槲皮苷、ABTS自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率和香草酸为主要差异指标。以AHP法结合熵权法计算得到的综合得分表明种仁质量更优。总体而言,阳春砂种仁质量更佳,但果壳中存在优势成分且有一定的抗氧化功效,故建议砂仁一定程度带壳使用,或将果壳进行其他的开发利用。

To investigate the quality differences between the seeds and husks of Amomum villosum and explore the rationality of using the seeds without husks,this study determined the content of protocatechuic acid,vanillic acid,epicatechin,quercitrin,volatile oil,water extract,and ethanol extract.The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS),and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were determined to evaluate the antioxidant activities of seeds and husks.The quality differences between the seeds and husks were assessed through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)combined with the entropy weight method(EWM).Significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in all 10 indicators between the seeds and husks.The levels of epicatechin,quercetin,and volatile oil were higher in the seeds,whereas those of protocatechuic acid,vanillic acid,water extract,and ethanol extract were higher in the husks.The seeds showed stronger scavenging ability against DPPH and ABTS radicals,while the husks showed a stronger scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals.OPLS-DA significantly discriminated between the seeds and husks.Furthermore,volatile oil,water extract,DPPH radical scavenging rate,quercitrin,ABTS radical scavenging rate,hydroxyl radical scavenging rate,and vanillic acid were selected as the main differential indicators by variable importance in projection(VIP).Comprehensive scores calculated by AHP combined with EWM indicated that the seeds were superior to husks in terms of overall quality.However,there are still some dominant components and a certain antioxidant effect in the husks.Therefore,it is suggested to using Amomi Fructus with a certain amount of husks or utilizing the husks for other purposes.