调解衍生证据在民事诉讼中的适格性研究

A study on the admissibility of mediation-derived evidence in civil litigation

调解衍生证据在民事诉讼中的适格性认定关涉调解制度内在价值的释放、证据能力规则的完善以及诉讼结果的公正性。一方面,基于调解衍生证据本身的低关联性和公共政策等因素的考量,应当建立相应的证据排除规则限制其在民事诉讼中的运用;另一方面,不同证据的来源背景、证明价值与证明对象有所差别,为防止调解程序被异化为掩饰证据或阻碍发现真实的工具,也需要注意“适当”这一尺度,合理界定证据排除的范围。具体而言,可以根据不同证据类型进行场景化分析,包括对特定条件下“为调解准备的文件”“民事调解中的自认”“调解协议”“调解员的证人证言”的证据能力限制及其例外规则。

The admissibility of mediation-derived evidence in civil litigation involves the release of the intrinsic value of the mediation system,the improvement of the evidence admissibility rules,and the fairness of the litigation outcome.On the one hand,considering the mere relevance of the mediation-derived evidence and the other factors,such as public policy,appropriate inadmissibility rules should be established to limit the use of such evidence in civil litigation.On the other hand,given that different evidence have different sources,different probative values and different proof objects,the dimension of“appropriateness”and the scope of inadmissibility should be reasonably defined,in order to prevent the mediation process from being distortedly used as a tool for concealing evidence or hindering the discovery of the truth,Specifically,scenario-based analysis of inadmissibility can be conducted,so as to establish rules of limited admissibility and exceptions for evidence,such as“documents prepared for mediation”,“self-admission in mediation”,“mediation agreement”,and“mediator’s testimony”.