政策工具视角下欧盟国家推进教育数字化转型的行动路径研究——基于芬兰、瑞典、法国、匈牙利和罗马尼亚的比较

A Study of Action Paths to Advance Digital Transformation in Education in EU Countries from the Perspective of Policy Instruments-Based on the Comparison of Finland,Sweden,France,Hungary and Romania

数字化转型是世界范围内教育转型的重要目标和方向。欧盟作为其中的先行者,正在联合各成员国的力量以重塑教育数字化生态。借助罗斯威尔和泽格维尔德的政策工具分类理论,可知欧盟各成员国的数字化层次虽然不一,行使政策工具类型亦存在差别,但推进教育数字化转型的行动路径具有一定的共性。芬兰、瑞典、法国、匈牙利、罗马尼亚等欧盟国家均以资金投入、信息支持、公共服务、教育培训、基础设施等供给型政策工具牵引教育数字化转型;通过制定目标规划、实施策略举动、强化法律管制和注重考核评估等环境型政策工具为推进教育数字化转型打造空间;又在政府采购、服务外包、示范工程等需求型政策工具下拉动教育数字化转型。欧盟国家范例表明应精确使用供给型政策工具,合理配置要素;善于利用环境型政策工具,详尽实施细则;加大运用需求型政策工具,释放政策活力,以在稳定的政策架构中,增强政策工具的“推—拉”作用,促进教育数字化的高质量转型。

The digital transformation of education is a crucial objective and global trend in educational reform.The European Union,as a trailblazer,is mobilizing the collec‐tive efforts of its member states to reshape the digital landscape of education.Drawing upon Roswell and Zegveld's policy instruments classification theory,it becomes evident that while there are variations in digitization levels and policy tools employed among EU mem‐ber states,there exist certain commonalities in the strategies adopted to drive forward the digital transformation of education.Finland,Sweden,France,Hungary,Romania use finan‐cial input,information support,public services,education training,infrastructure,and other supply-type policy tools to promote the digital transformation of education.They develop goals and plans,implement strategic actions,strengthen legal control,and focus on assess‐ing and evaluating environmental policy instruments to create a conducive environment for digital transformation in education.Additionally,they use demand-based policy instru‐ments such as government procurement,service outsourcing,and demonstration projects to drive digital transformation in education.The examples from EU countries demonstrate the importance of using supply-based policy instruments to allocate factors rationally,imple‐menting environmental policy instruments effectively,and increasing demand-based policy instruments to enhance policy vitality.This will promote a stable policy framework and facil‐itate the high-quality transformation of education digitisation.It is crucial to maintain a bal‐anced approach to policy instruments and ensure a logical flow of information.Enhancing"push and pull"effects of policy instruments within a stable policy framework for facilitat‐ing high quality transformation of digital education.