海滩养护对海滩生态系统的多尺度影响述评

Multi-scale impacts on beach ecosystem of beach nourishment:a review

海滩是常见且脆弱的滨海生态系统,具有极大的生态服务功能。受气候变化和人类活动的多重影响,海滩生态系统受损严重。海滩养护是利用人工补沙的方式对海滩地貌进行修复,是抵御海岸侵蚀和改善海滩环境的有效措施,以往的养护往往忽略了对海滩生态系统的影响,许多研究表明海滩养护对海滩生态系统会产生多方面、多尺度的复杂影响。本文在总结前人研究的基础上,梳理出海滩生态系统的构成、特点和功能,分析了海滩生态受损的基本特征,对海滩养护对海滩生态系统多尺度影响过程及影响机制进行了重点述评,并从降低负面生态影响角度给出了海滩养护技术优化方法,以支撑海滩生态系统适应性管理和可持续利用。

Beach is a common and vulnerable coastal ecosystem with huge ecological service functions.Due to the multiple impacts of climate change and human activities,beach ecosystem has been seriously damaged.Beach nourishment is an effective approach to prevent coastal erosion and improve the beach environment by using sand replenishment to restore beach morphology.Previous nourishments have often neglected the impacts on beach ecosystem.Many studies show that beach nourishment have multifaceted,multi-scale and complex impacts on beach ecosystem.Based on reviewing previous researches,the compositions,characteristics and functions of beach ecosystem are summarized.The basic characteristics of beach ecological damage,the impact process and mechanism of beach nourishment on beach ecosystem at various scales are analyzed.Then,some adaptive measures for beach nourishment are suggested from the perspective of reducing negative ecological impacts,which would support coastal management and sustainable utilization of beach.