行政应急征用与补偿制度的完善路径——后疫情时代突发事件的立法应对

The improvement path of administrative emergency requisition and compensation system——legislative response to emergencies in the post-epidemic era

自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,应急征用行为已成为突发事件处理的必备手段之一。但由于现有法律法规对突发事件中应急征用的条款适用范围太窄,以及个别领域的规定付之阙如,疫情期间的应急征用和补偿的争议案件不断发生,尤其是上位法的缺乏导致地方规章和规范性文件高度同质化,可操作性不强,在实践中出现了征用主体和征用范围不明确、征用程序缺乏细致规定、补偿标准模糊等突出问题。因此,应当从突发事件的应急征用与补偿事前预防法律体系、高效公平的应急征用事中处理程序框架、突发事件的应急征用事后救济机制三个方面建立一套完整的应急征用与补偿法律体系,化解行政应急征用与补偿过程中产生的纠纷,平衡突发事件处置中公益维护和私权保护二者的关系。

Since the outbreak of COVID-19,emergency requisition has become one of the necessary means of emergency management.However,due to the narrow application scope of the provisions of emergency requisition in emergencies in existing laws and regulations,and the absence of provisions in a few fields,the dispute cases of emergency requisition and compensation during the epidemic have occurred constantly.In particular,the lack of superior law leads to a high degree of homogenization of local regulations and normative documents,which is not strong in operability.In practice,there are prominent problems such as unclear subject and scope of expropriation,lack of detailed provisions of regulations procedures,and vague compensation standards.Therefore,a complete legal system of emergency requisition and compensation should be established from three aspects:the pre prevention legal system for emergency requisition and compensation,the efficient and fair procedure framework of emergency requisition and post-relief mechanism of emergency requisition.In doing so,we could resolve disputes arising in the process of administrative emergency requisition and compensation,and balance the relationship between public interest protection and private rights protection in the handing of emergencies.