经与史:宋代《左传》学研究的二重路径

Classics and Historiography:The Two Paths of the Study of ZUOZHUAN in the Song Dynasty

从学术史来看,经与史是宋代《左传》学研究最重要的二重路径。在宋代经学疑经思潮背景下,学者们对《左传》作者的身份及形成时代提出了怀疑;对杜注为代表的解《左传》之“例”,特别是其中的“从赴告”说之牵强提出批评;对《左传》中不符合义理之处进行批评与改造。经学上的怀疑与批评降低了《左传》的经学地位,从而使其史学特性受到重视,一些学者把《左传》当作史书来看待,肯定其作为编年体的典范对宋代编年体史书编纂产生的重要影响;对《左传》进行史学改编,促进了宋代历史编纂学的发展;重视《左传》蕴含的史料价值,据此对春秋历史发展大势以及制度沿革作出考察。宋代经学上对《左传》学旧说的怀疑与批评,为人们提供了新的研究思路。与此同时,伴随着《左传》经学地位的“降格”,其史学价值则得到了进一步发掘。

From the perspective of academic history,classical path and historical path are the two most important paths in the study of ZUOZHUAN in the Song Dynasty.Under the influence of skepticism about classics,scholars raised doubts about the identity of the author and formation era of the book;criticizing the“example”of Du Yu’s interpretation of the book,especially the ridiculous theory of“according to reporting”,the scholars reformed the parts which did not match to the Confucian teachings.This path lowered the status of the book in Confucian Classics,so it was valued as a historic book.Some scholars viewed the ZUOZHUAN as a historical book,affirming its influence as a model for the compilation of chronological historical books in the Song Dynasty.The adaptation of ZUOZHUAN promoted the compilation of historical books in the Song Dynasty,and the scholars paid attention to the historical value in the ZUOZHUAN,and examined the overall trend and institutional evolution during the Spring and Autumn period.The skepticism and criticism of the traditional theories in the study of ZUOZHUAN in the Song Dynasty provides new research paths.At the same time,with the decline of the status of the ZUOZHUAN in Classics,its historical value has been further explored.