韩愈的道统观及在古文和文论中的显现

Han Yu’s Thought of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Manifestation in His Ancient Chinese Prose and Literary Theories

“道统”是圣人精神文化的传承,是儒道流传的谱系。韩愈认为,道是内圣外王的仁义之道,统是道的传承统绪。他把对道统的阐释融浸在议论文和书序文中,诠释了他文以明道的理论主张;而气盛言宜论和不平则鸣论又分别见出他对孟子和司马迁理论主张的继承与发展。但钱钟书认为司马迁之“愤”与韩之“不平”指向实不同,不过似非确论,钱说更适于解释“不平”之本义,而韩论所指实仍合于司马迁。

Confucian Orthodoxy means the inheritance of sage’s spiritual culture and the genealogy of Confucianism.In Han Yu’s view,“Dao”refers to the way of benevolence and righteousness as one should possess the virtue of a sage internally and be able to practice the way of a king externally.“Tong”focuses on the inheritance of Confucianism.Han Yu integrated the interpretation of Confucian Orthodoxy into his argumentative prose and prefaces,interpreting his theoretical proposition of clarifying the“Tao”through his writings.The theories of“Moral Cultivation Power Makes Proper Writing”and“Contradictions and Struggles in Life Ignite the Writer’s Creative Passion”respectively demonstrate his inheritance of the theoretical propositions of Mencius and Sima Qian.However,Qian Zhongshu believed that the point of Sima Qian’s“indignation”is different from that of Han Yu’s“injustice”.But it seems inconclusive.Qian’s theory is more suitable for explaining the original meaning of“injustice”,while the point of Han’s theory is still consistent with Sima Qian’s theory.