基于Malmquist-DEA模型的区域物流低碳效率评价

Evaluation of Low-carbon Efficiency of Regional Logistics Based on Malmquist-DEA Model

在低碳经济背景下,构建物流低碳效率评价指标体系,从多维度来衡量物流低碳经营方式,将物流业引向低碳发展的道路,对我国的经济低碳化发展有重要意义。以2016-2021年我国30个省级地区(含省、自治区、直辖市)为研究对象,构建了物流低碳绩效评价指标体系。在考虑二氧化碳排放总量为固定和的情况下,通过构建均衡有效前沿面对2016-2021年我国30个省份的物流低碳效率进行了静态分析,使用Malmquist指数模型测算了30个省的MPI指数,结果表明:从全国整体角度来看,六年间我国整体的物流低碳效率较高且始终保持在一个相对稳定的状态,但省份间的碳排放效率有明显的差距,全要素生产率呈现出一种稳步上升的趋势。从地区角度来看,中部地区效率最高,中东部地区效率明显高于西部和东北部地区,西部地区效率最低,双方差距较大。基于物流业碳排放效率和全要素生产率的评价结果和分析,提出了相应的发展建议。

In the context of low-carbon economy,it is important to construct a logistics low-carbon effi⁃ciency evaluation index system to measure logistics low-carbon operation methods from multiple dimensions,upgrade the logistics industry,and steer the Chinese economy to the path of low-carbon development.In this paper,taking the data of 30 provincial-level regions(including provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government)in China for the 2016-to-2021 period as the re⁃search object and by referring to existing literature,from the four aspects of capital,manpower,energy and in⁃frastructure,and with transportation industry,warehousing industry and postal industry representing the logis⁃tics industry,we selected fixed asset investment,number of employees,logistics mileage and total energy con⁃sumption of the logistics industry as the input indicators;with economic benefit,as represented by gross pro⁃duction,and social benefit,as represented by freight volume and freight turnover,as the expected outputs;and with total carbon emissions as the non-expected output to establish a low-carbon logistics performance evalu⁃ation index system.Then given the fixed sum of the CO2 emissions of the logistics system,we had a static analy⁃sis on the low carbon efficiency of the logistics industry in the 30 provinces/cities in China during 2016-2021 by constructing an equilibrium effective frontier,and calculated the MPI index of the provinces using the Malmquist index model.The result showed that:from a national perspective,over the past six years,the overall low carbon logistics efficiency in China has been relatively high and always remained in a relatively stable state,but there is significant gap among the provinces,and the total factor productivity of the logistics industry has shown a steady upward trend.From a regional perspective,the difference is clearly marked,with the central re⁃gion having the highest efficiency,the central and eastern regions significantly higher than the western and northeastern regions,and the western region having the lowest efficiency.In order to more directly reflect the changing efficiency and technology in the low carbon development of the logistics industry in China,we calcu⁃lated the MPI index of year 2021 based on year 2016 data,and obtained the efficiency change index and tech⁃nology change index using the decomposed MPI formula.From the angle of the provinces/cities,4 provinces have improved efficiency level and technology level,only 7 provinces have efficiency change indexes greater than 1,while 27 provinces have technology change indexes greater than 1,indicating that the efficiency level of most provinces/cities has declined,but is positively affected by technological improvement.Based on this,we put forward the following suggestions:(1)All regions should improve their low-carbon logistics awareness,and formulate tailored policies and measures according to their actual conditions and considering the difference between industries and development environment.(2)The government should step up policy support,pro⁃vide necessary guidance and encourage the technological innovation by enterprises;it should provide more fi⁃nancial support and preferential policies for research and development to turn technology into productivity;and it should promote the construction of regional logistics IT system,achieve more efficient logistics manage⁃ment,improve the quality of logistics services while reducing logistics energy consumption,encourage the lo⁃gistics enterprises to implement low-carbon logistics practice to conserve energy,reduce emissions,and save logistics cost.