基于POI数据的快递网点空间格局分布及可达性分析

Analysis of Spatial Layout and Accessibility of Express Outlets Based on POI Data

快递网点的空间格局分布及可达性研究有助于提升快递“最后一公里”的效率。选取唐山市快递网点的POI数据,综合运用核密度分析、平均最近邻分析和成本距离分析方法,探究菜鸟驿站、顺丰速运和中国邮政三种快递网点的空间格局、可达性及影响因素。研究发现:快递网点的地理位置直接影响其依托类型,快递业务量、需求量大的地区对快递网点的规模、设施、设备等方面要求更高;快递网点的服务范围受到周边交通网络发达程度的影响,交通网络越发达、服务范围越广、可达性越高;快递网点的数量和布局选址除自身性质外,还受到人口密度、交通便捷程度和经济条件等因素共同作用。

Scholars at home and abroad have studied the spatial layout problem of express outlets to con⁃tinuously greater depth.However,existing studies mostly stay on the spatial variation or influence factors of the spatial layout of the express outlets in a single region.On the other hand,accessibility studies are usually associ⁃ated with high-speed rail or highway traffic,but are seldom used in the spatial layout field.In this paper,we fo⁃cus on the spatial layout,distribution and accessibility of express outlets.Taking Lubei District in the central area of Tangshan City as the research object,using Amap as the data source and April 2023 as the deadline,we conducted preliminary processing of the data collected,including co⁃ordinate correction,coordinate point reverse check and removal of duplicate coordinate points,and obtained 299 Cainiao express outlets,14 SF Express outlets and 17 China Post outlets.On such basis,we built the POI basic database of express outlets in Lubei district,discussed the spatial distribution characteristics of express out⁃lets represented by said three express enterprises,and used nuclear density analysis,average nearest neighbor analysis and cost distance analysis to study the spatial pattern,accessibility and influencing factors of the express outlets from the dimension of time.The research showed that the distribution of the express outlets in Lubei district is obviously imbalanced,being dense in the middle and east parts and sparse in the west part.Cainiao has advantage in number in each administrative jurisdiction under the district.The express outlets of Cainiao are in remarkable agglomeration,the center of which is located at points of high population and traffic network density,manifesting the property of large agglomeration and small dispersion.The express outlets of SF Express and China Post are dispersive in distribution,and only a few of them are clustered,showing the feature of large dispersion and small agglomera⁃tion.The research also shows that the distribution of the express outlets in Lubei District has an obvious orien⁃tation,generally along the“northeast to southwest”direction.More specifically,Cainiao has the most obvious agglomeration characteristics,meanwhile Cainiao and SF Express have obvious and basically the same orienta⁃tion.Furthermore,the three express enterprises in Lubei District greatly differ in express outlet service range.By constructing respectively the 5 minutes,10 minutes,15 minutes and over 15 minutes accessibility scope of the express outlets,we found that Cainiao covers a wide stretch of highly accessible areas,basically encompass⁃ing most of the central and eastern areas of Lubei District.China Post has low presence in the highly accessible areas,and it generally needs more than 15 minutes to deliver.Most areas of SF Express are lowly accessible.However,the door-to-door service mode it adopts transfers the additional time and distance cost due to the accessibility disadvantage from the customers to the enterprise.To sum up,reasonable layout and location of the express outlets,together with comprehensive consider⁃ation of factors such as service object,population size,and transportation convenience,could improve the con⁃venience of online shopping for the residents.