2Donald Jay Grout, A Short History of Opera, 2rid rev., New York: Columbia Press, 1965, p. 445.
3Mosco Carner, Puccini: A Critical Biography, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1958, p. 234.
4Hector Berlioz, The Memoirs of Hector Berlioz, translated and edited by David Cairns, London: Cardinal, 1990, p. 158.
5Nicholas Baragwanath, The Italian Traditions & Puccini: Compositional Theory & Practice in Nineteenth-Century Opera, Indi- ana: Indiana University Press, 2011, "Preface & Acknowledgments" .
6"New German School", in Stanley Sadie ed. , The New Grove Dictiona of Music and Musicians, London: Macmillan Publish- ers Ltd. , 2001, vol. 17, p. 803.
7Mosco Carner, Puccini: A Critical Biography, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1958, pp. 234 -235.
8Nicholas Baragwanath, The Italian Traditions & Puccini : Compositional Theory & Practice in Nineteenth-Century Opera, Indi- ana: Indiana University Press, 2011, pp. 145 - 146.
9Nicholas Baragwanath, The Italian Traditions & Puccini : Compositional Theory & Practice in Nineteenth-Century Opera, Indi- ana: Indiana University Press, 2011, pp. 141.
10Alexandra Wilson, "Torrefranca vs. Puccini: Embodying a Decadent Italy", Cambridge Opera Journal, 200l, vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 29 -53.
