纪念性街名与犹太民族国家构建——以特拉维夫的城市街道命名为中心

Commemorative Street Names and the Jewish Nation-State Building:The Case of Tel Aviv

以色列是当今世界上使用人物给街道命名最频繁的国家之一,该行为发端于“第一座希伯来城市”特拉维夫。自1909年建城起,特拉维夫市政部门成立专门委员会,大量使用各类人名给街道命名;围绕特拉维夫的街道街名,当地居民、私人团体和海外犹太人展开了激烈政治博弈。20世纪30年代,在本-伊赛领导下,特拉维夫的纪念性街名趋于体系化,形成所谓的“本-伊赛原则”。到以色列建国前夕,除了部分街道以故土的自然山川和象征内涵命名,特拉维夫绝大部分街道以人物命名:或以犹太历史人物(圣经时代英雄或中世纪犹太思想家)命名,或以犹太当代名人(早期犹太复国主义的重要人物)命名,或以非犹太名人(与复国事业有关)命名。以色列建国后,从特拉维夫开始的纪念性街名很快被推广到其他城市。透过大量充满民族主义精神的古今人物被用于街道命名及其群组,纪念性街名成为犹太民族国家构建渗透日常生活的重要手段,推动了城市空间的“犹太化”,用来巩固以色列对新获得地区的控制。

The present paper,shedding light on the history,in which street names of Tel Aviv were systematically named in commemoration of historical Jewish figures such as heroes in biblical times and medieval Jewish thinkers,contemporary Jewish celebrities such as early well-known Zionist,and non-Jewish people in relation to Zionism according to Ben-Yishai rationale since the 1930s,concludes that this practice helped the Jewish nation-state building extend down to everyday life,promoted the Judaization of urban space,and consolidated Israel's occupation of new areas.