论企业数据财产权的保护范围

On the Scope of the Protection of Enterprise Data Property Rights

数据之上承载多元利益,导致多方主体冲突不断,故明晰数据流通共享的权益边界是化解矛盾的关键。目前理论界已确立数据财产应受保护原则,然对企业数据财产权客体的建构却微乎其微,企业数据保护范围的模糊性引致实践中产权纠纷频发。依循功能主义与形式主义方法,应有必要转变传统的静态型标准,基于价值生成逻辑将企业数据划分为原始数据、数据集合与数据产品。将数据产品与数据集合纳入企业数据财产权的客体射程内具有正当性基础,而数据的资源化则是未来数据集合的基本走向。在界定企业数据保护范围时,应考量四项制约要素:注重主体的生产投入、强调数据本身特性、采用限制性的排他保护及以时间为标识点确立财产权利。

The multi-interests of Data leads to the conflict of multi-parties,so it is essential to resolve those disputes by clarifying the boundary of rights and interests of Data’s circulation and sharing.At present,the theory has established the principle that Data Property should be protected,yet the construction of the object of Enterprise Data Property Rights is quite limited,and the ambiguity of Protection Scope of Enterprise Data itself leads to frequent troubles over property rights in practice.According to functionalism and formalism,it is necessary to change the traditional static standard and divide Enterprise Data into Original Data,Data Sets and Data Products through value generation logic.It is legitimate to include Data Products and Data Sets into the object range of Enterprise Data Property Rights,and Data Resource is the basic trend of Data Sets in future.In defining the scope of Enterprise Data Protection,four constraints should be considered:focusing on the production input of the entity,emphasize the characteris⁃tics of Data itself,adopt restrictive exclusive protection and establish Property Right according to the time.