施肥模式对‘凤丹’牡丹光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Fertilization Modes on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’

为解决施肥不科学影响‘凤丹’牡丹品质产量提升的问题,以5年生‘凤丹’牡丹为试验材料,采用分阶段控量施肥的方法,研究其对‘凤丹’牡丹光合特性、产量的影响。结果表明,‘凤丹’叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量均随着复合肥施入量的增加、喷施硼肥浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,在D3B4(复合肥225 kg/hm^(2),硼肥0.3%)水平时达到最大值。叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度趋势相反,呈先降后升的变化趋势,在D3B4水平达到最低值。同时,在D3B4水平时,‘凤丹’的单株果荚数、果荚直径、千粒重、单株籽粒产量均达到最大值。本研究以盛花期复合肥底肥225 kg/hm^(2)+结果初期叶喷0.3%硼肥为‘凤丹’牡丹高产的最佳施肥模式,可为‘凤丹’牡丹科学施肥提供一定参考依据。

The paper aims to solve the problem affecting the quality and yield of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’due to unscientific fertilization in the cultivation process,the five-year-old P.ostii‘Fengdan’was used as test material to study the effect of the method of staged controlled fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of P.ostii‘Fengdan’.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of P.ostii‘Fengdan’leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of compound fertilizer application and the sprayed boron fertilizer concentration,and reached the maximum value at D3B4(compound fertilizer 225 kg/hm^(2),boron fertilizer 0.3%)level.The trend of intercellular CO_(2) concentration in leaves was opposite,showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,reaching the lowest value at D3B4 level.At the same time,at the D3B4 level,the number of pods per plant,pod diameter,1000-grain weight,and grain yield per plant all reached the maximum value.Therefore,in this study,225 kg/hm^(2) of compound fertilizer base fertilizer at the full flowering stage+0.3%boron fertilizer spraying on the leaves at the initial stage of fruiting was the best fertilization mode for the high yield of P.ostii‘Fengdan’,which could provide a certain reference for scientific fertilization of P.ostii‘Fengdan’.