葡萄酒糟对西门塔尔肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响

Effects of grape pomace on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,and economic benefits of Simmental beef cattle

研究旨在探讨不同水平的葡萄酒糟对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响。试验选择48头体重相近、体况良好的西门塔尔肉牛,随机分成4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头肉牛。各组肉牛分别饲喂含有0 (对照组)、5%、10%和15%的葡萄酒糟的饲粮。预试期1周,正式试验期90 d。结果表明,饲喂5%~15%的葡萄酒糟对肉牛平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比均未产生影响(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,10%的葡萄酒糟可以提高粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,10%的葡萄酒糟可以提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05),10%和15%的葡萄酒糟可以降低胆固醇水平(P<0.05),5%、10%和15%的葡萄酒糟可以降低甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05),10%、15%的葡萄酒糟可以提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05),10%的葡萄酒糟可以提高总蛋白水平(P<0.05),5%和10%的葡萄酒糟可以提高球蛋白水平(P<0.05)。用5%、10%和15%的葡萄酒糟饲喂肉牛,饲料成本分别比对照组降低了2.18%、3.89%和5.80%,利润分别比对照组提高了7.37%、11.25%和9.50%。研究表明,饲喂适量的葡萄酒糟对西门塔尔肉牛生长性能无影响,但可以提高部分养分的表观消化率,调节血脂,改善免疫力,提高养殖利润,葡萄酒糟的最适添加水平为10%。

The study aimed to explore the effects of different levels of grape pomace on the growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility,and economic benefits of beef cattle.Forty-eight Simmental beef cattle with similar body weight and good body condition were randomly divided into four groups,with 12 replicates in each group and one beef cattle in each replicate.The cattle in each group were fed a diet containing 0(control group),5%,10%,and 15% grape pomace,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for one week,followed by a formal experimental period of 90 days.The results showed that the 5% to 15% grape pomace did not affect the average daily weight gain,average daily feed intake,and feed to weight ratio of beef cattle(P>0.05).Compared to the control group,feeding with 10% grape pomace increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,feeding with 10% wine lees increased the alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum(P<0.05),while 10% and 15% grape pomace decreased cholesterol levels(P<0.05).5%,10%,and 15% grape pomace lowered triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(P<0.05),and 10% grape pomace increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(P<0.05).10%and 15% grape pomace elevated total protein levels(P<0.05),and 5% and 10% grape pomace increased globulin levels(P<0.05).The feed costs of beef cattle fed with 5%,10%,and 15% grape pomace were reduced by 2.18%,3.89%,and 5.60%,and the profits increased by 7.37%,11.25%,and 9.50%,respectively,compared to the control group.The study suggests that Simmental beef cattle feed with an appropriate amount of grape pomace has no impact on the growth performance,but can improve the apparent digestibility of certain nutrients,regulate the blood lipids,enhance the immunity,and increase the breeding profits.The optimal addition level of grape pomace is determined to be 10%.