粗饲料对反刍动物瘤胃微生物和生产性能的影响研究进展

Research progress on effect of roughage on rumen microorganism and production performance of ruminants

粗饲料在维持反刍动物健康和提高生产性能方面起着重要作用。粗饲料经瘤胃内的微生物发酵降解为可吸收利用的物质,可以维持机体的正常生命活动。粗饲料通过刺激动物反刍、唾液分泌和瘤胃发育可以维持瘤胃健康。粗饲料摄入量不足会导致反刍动物胃肠道损伤、营养缺乏、生产性能下降以及行为异常等问题。不同粗饲料的组织结构和营养组分差异会影响反刍动物的营养消化、能氮利用及机体代谢等。因此,饲粮中不同粗饲料来源是影响瘤胃功能和生产性能的关键因素。文章综述了不同来源粗饲料的品质及其对反刍动物瘤胃微生物、机体代谢和生产性能的影响,并对其作用机制进行阐述,为粗饲料在反刍动物中的合理利用提供参考。

Roughage plays an important role in maintaining ruminant health and improving performance.Roughage is fermented and degraded by microorganisms in the rumen into substances that can be absorbed and utilized,which can maintain the normal life activities of the body.Rumen health can be maintained by stimulating rumination,saliva secretion,and rumen development in animals.Inadequate roughage intake can lead to gastrointestinal damage,nutrient deficiencies,reduced performance,and behavioral abnormalities in ruminants.The differences in tissue structure and nutrient composition of different roughages will affect the nutrient digestion,nitrogen utilization and metabolism of ruminants.Therefore,different roughage sources in the diet are key factors affecting rumen function and performance.In this paper,the quality of roughage from different sources and its effects on ruminant microorganisms,body metabolism,and production performance were reviewed,and the mechanism of action was elaborated,so as to provide a reference for the rational utilization of roughage in ruminants.