正义观的隐喻视角:从罗尔斯、蒲鲁东到马克思

The Metaphorical Perspectives on the View of Justice:From Rawls and Proudhon to Marx

当代政治哲学有一个预设前提是:“正义”这个语词有着概念的清晰性和明确性。但这仍然是“词”或者“辞”或者“话”意义上说的。罗尔斯讨论正义这个概念及其构造社会正义原则时,把理想性或者理性意义上衍生出的逻辑作为一种任务。隐喻已经决定了这个概念的否定性运动。这一点也在蒲鲁东关于正义的定义之中明白地显示出来。在唯物史观中考察正义,隐喻思维作为人类把握正义概念的引导性思维,将资本主义社会视为有关正义女神的现代神话。它一方面作为资本主义以商品为基础的价值观体系的反射、投射、在场和方向性的显像,另一方面作为空洞的意识形态的浮光掠影、误导性的幻象、模仿,以及伪造逻辑这块正当性底布上的花卉。依“基础和上层建筑”这一隐喻,正义概念恰恰是指向隐喻或者从隐喻过渡到概念领域。正义的新的表现形式要能够出现,很显然就需要以更伟大的作为来产生效果。

The presupposition of contemporary political philosophy is that the word"justice"features conceptual clarity and lucidity.However,this is still claimed in the sense of word,diction or discourse.When John Bordley Rawls(罗尔斯)discussed the concept of justice and constructed the principle of social justice,he took the ideal or the logic derived from the reasonable aspect as a task.Such a metaphor has determined the negative motion of the concept.And it is also clearly shown in Pierre Joseph Proudhon's definition of justice.Examining justice from the perspective of historical materialism,the metaphorical thinking serves as the guiding thinking for the humankind to grasp the concept of justice,which regards capitalist society as a modern myth of Themis(正义女神),the blindfolded goddess of justice.On the one hand,justice serves as the reflection,projection,presence and directional image of the commodity-based capitalist system of values.On the other hand,it serves as the shadow of empty ideology,misleading illusion,imitation,and arabesques which forge logic as the base fabric of legitimacy.According to the metaphor of"Foundation and Superstructure",the concept of justice precisely points to the metaphor or moves from the metaphor to the conceptual field.Obviously,a greater performance need to be made effective for the appearance of a new form of justice.