探寻超越雅利安道路的可能性——论林耀华的原始社会史研究

Exploring the Possibility of Transcending the Aryan Path:Lin Yaohua's Studies on the Primitive Social History

林耀华的原始社会史研究应时代风潮而生,深耕三十余年,兼具进化论与功能主义的学术取向。他的原始社会史学说前后历经两个阶段,自新中国成立后开始初步探索,于20世纪80年代逐渐形成体系化学说。他澄清了氏族起源程序与军事民主制问题,先后订正了苏联学界的原始社会史二阶段分期法并提出原始社会史三阶段分期法,致力于父系家族公社研究,指出父系氏族与父系家族公社的对张关系,提出水利社会与军事民主制二分的国家生成理论。他的原始社会史学说有力地反驳了雅利安道路的双重模式,并为非雅利安道路的可能性及其普遍性方案作出积极探索。

Lin Yaohua's research on primitive social history emerged in response to the trend of the times,and has been deeply cultivated for more than 30 years.His theory of primitive social history,which combines the academic orientation of evolution and functionalism,went through two stages of initial exploration in the 1950s and perfection in the 1980s,focusing on clarifying the issues of clan origin procedures and military democracy.He was committed to the study of the three-stage classification method of primitive society and the patrilineal family communes.He successively revised the two-stage classification method in Soviet academia,proposed the contrasting structure between patrilineal clans and patrilineal family communes,and constructed the theory of state generation that includes water conservancy society and military democracy society.His theory of primitive social history effectively countered the dual pattern of the Aryan path,clarified issues,and actively explored the possibilities and universal schemes of non-Aryan paths.