佛教艺术“新遗产”的再造——河南嵩山少林寺佛教文化遗产考察

Reinventing the"New Heritage"of Buddhist Art:A Study on Buddhist Cultural Heritage of Shaolin Temple in Songshan,Henan Province

创建于北魏时期的少林寺,历史上是“中州佛教文化圈”的代表性寺院之一,拥有不同时代的建筑、雕刻、绘画与书法作品,可谓中国佛教艺术遗产的博物馆,是全国重点文物保护单位和世界文化遗产。拥有1500年佛教艺术遗产的少林寺,在21世纪萌发创制后1500年“新遗产”的宏愿,邀请著名美术院校艺术家创作壁画,发动全国书法家写经。在这种“新遗产”的创制中,佛教艺术的作者、作品和受众处在什么样的精神性、文化性和社会性的语境,觉察佛教艺术的形似与神似、审美与信仰等问题,是认知佛教艺术作品和世俗作品差异的关键。

Founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty,Shaolin Temple,historically one of the representative temples of the"Zhongzhou Buddhist Cultural Circle",has architectural entities and carvings,paintings and calligraphy works of different eras,which can be regarded as a museum of Chinese Buddhist art heritage,a national cultural relics protection unit and intangible cultural heritage projects.In the 2lst century,Shaolin Temple,with its 1500 years of Buddhist artistic heritage,has developed the ambition of creating a"new heritage"for the next 1500 years,inviting artist from famous art schools to create murals and mobilising calligraphers from all over the country to write scriptures.In the creation of this"new heritage",how do we look at the"contexts"of religious art authors,works and audiences in terms of their spirituality,culture,and society?The key to recognising the differences between secular works and religious art is to perceive the"context"of these works,and to be aware of the issues of"appearance likeness"and"spirit likeness",aesthetics and faith.