植物重金属镉积累调控机制及其应用研究进展

Research and regulation of cadmium uptake,transport and accumulation in plants

镉(Cd)容易通过食物链对人体产生毒害,其引起的“痛痛病”是人类历史上重要的公共卫生事件。Cd是我国当前土壤中的主要无机污染物,“镉大米”等事件仍时有发生,严重威胁粮食安全和人体健康。植物作为初级生产者,是人体Cd暴露的的主要途径。因此,阐释Cd向植物迁移、在植物体内的转运以及植物的Cd耐受机理,并依此指导低Cd作物的遗传改良和Cd污染环境的植物修复就具有重要的意义。本文综述了近10年来人们在植物Cd积累的调控机理、应对Cd污染的作物改良以及植物修复等方面的基础研究和应用成果,同时也探讨了该领域未来亟待解决的一些重要科学问题以及作物遗传改良设计的途径。

The nonessential toxic metal cadmium(Cd) can easily accumulate in human bodies through food chain and has led to the notorious “Itai-Itai disease”.Cd represents the most dominant pollutant in China,which contaminates rice frequently and imposes serious threaten to food safety and human health.As a primary producer,plants are major source of dietary Cd for most people.Therefore,it is of great importance to understand how plants take up and allocate Cd,and the resulting knowledge can further be used to lower Cd accumulation in plants,to breed low-Cd crops or to remove Cd from soil by phytoremediation technology.In the current review,we summarized recent ten years' proceedings of the basic and translational researches on Cd uptake and accumulation in plants,and the subsequent manipulation of the whole process by either genetic modification,agronomic operation,or specialized plant germplasms.We also discussed some important scientific issues that deserve more attention,and proposed possible alternative ways to balance safe food production and phytoremediation.