2021年贵州省学生近视流行现状及戴镜情况分析

Prevalence of myopia and spectacles use among students in Guizhou Province,2021

目的 分析贵州省学生近视流行现状及戴镜情况,为学生近视防控政策的制定提供依据。方法 2021年9—12月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法对贵州省135所学校的学生43 652人进行视力检查和屈光检测,采用χ^(2)检验分析不同人口学特征学生近视及戴镜情况。结果 贵州省学生近视率为42.9%,近视率随年级升高呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=576.293,P<0.05),其中低度近视占比随年级上升而呈下降趋势,中度、高度近视占比随年级上升呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=619.278,P<0.05)。女生近视率为47.4%,高于男生的38.8%(χ^(2)=325.654,P<0.05);城区近视率为46.3%,高于郊县的38.0%(χ^(2)=297.807,P<0.05)。近视学生戴镜率为36.3%,足矫率为59.3%;戴镜率随年级升高呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=546.063,P<0.05);女生戴镜率为38.6%,高于男生的33.7%(χ^(2)=48.145,P<0.05);城区戴镜率为38.2%,高于郊县的33.2%(χ^(2)=46.725,P<0.05)。结论 贵州省学生近视检出情况不容乐观,且近视学生戴镜率与足矫率均较低。近视防控应将女生和城区作为重点人群和地区。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of myopia and spectacles use among students in Guizhou Province.Methods From September 2021 to December 2021,43652 students from 135 schools in Guizhou Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method,and their visual acuity test and refractive status examination were conducted.Chi⁃square test was used to analyze the prevalence of myopia and spectacles use for students of different demographic characteristics.Results The rate of myopia among students in Guizhou Province was 42.9%,and the rate of myopia showed an increasing trend with grade(χ^(2)_(trend)=576.293,P<0.05).Additionally,the proportion of low myopia decreased with grade increasing,while the proportion of moderate and high myopia showed an increasing trend with grade(χ^(2)_(趋势)=619.278,P<0.05).The rate of myopia among female students was 47.4%,which was higher than that of male students 38.8%(χ^(2)=325.654,P<0.05).The rate of myopia among urban students was 46.3%,which was higher than that of suburban counties students 38.0%(χ^(2)=297.807,P<0.05).The rate of spectacles use and full correction among myopic students was 36.3%and 59.3%respectively,and the rate of spectacles use showed an increasing trend with grade(χ^(2)_(趋势)=546.063,P<0.05).The rate of spectacles use among female students was 38.6%,which was higher than that of male students 33.7%(χ^(2)=48.145,P<0.05),and the rate of spectacles use among urban students was 38.2%,which was higher than that of suburban counties students 33.2%(χ^(2)=46.725,P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among students was not optimisticin in Guizhou Province,and the rates of spectacles use and full correction among myopic students were relatively low.The prevention and control of myopia should focus on female students and urban areas.