1991~2020年中国地面气候值数据集研制

Development of China Ground Climate Normal Value Dataset from 1991 to 2020

基于国家气象信息中心归档的中国地面观测数据,研制了1991~2020年中国地面气候值数据集。数据集研制期间,对1991年以来的地面台站观测数据集元数据进行了系统的质量检查和核实订正。在基于站址迁移信息对所有要素进行了分段处理基础上,基于非均一性检验结果完成了气温序列的分段处理。依据人工、自动观测调整信息完成了能见度观测数据的分段处理,提供了一套与当前能见度观测方式一致、代表性更好的气候背景场。采用傅里叶级数理论对气温、降水累年日值序列进行了谐波处理,在体现气象变量季节性转换的同时,避免了日与日之间的异常突变特征,具有更好的气候代表性。最终建立的1991~2020年中国地面气候值数据集提供了中国2438个站点的气温、降水、气压、风向风速、相对湿度、水汽压、云、天气现象、能见度、蒸发、积雪、地温、冻土、日照共14个要素的气候背景信息,为天气气候业务提供了数据支撑。

Based on surface observation data archived by the National Meteorological Information Centre,a dataset of the 1991–2020 China climate normals is developed.For the development of the dataset,the metadata of the observation data since 1991 is systematically checked,verified,and revised.All elements are segmented using the station location migration information,and the segmented processing of the temperature series is completed based on the heterogeneity test results.The segmented processing of visibility observation data is completed using manual and automatic observation and adjustment information.The segmented processing of visibility observation data is completed,providing a better representative climate background field consistent with the current visibility observation method.The Fourier series theory is used to deal with the harmonics of the annual daily value series of temperature and precipitation,reflects the seasonal transformation of meteorological variables,and avoids abnormal mutation characteristics.The 1991–2020 China climate normals provide the climate background information of 14 elements,i.e.,temperature,precipitation,air pressure,wind direction and speed,relative humidity,water vapor pressure,cloud,weather phenomenon,visibility,evaporation,snow,ground temperature,frozen soil,and sunshine,of 2438 stations in China and data support for weather and climate research.