晚清学者对“日本文学”的发现——以傅云龙《游历日本图经》为中心

Discovery of“Japanese Literature”by Scholars in the Late Qing Dynasty:Focusing on Fu Yunlong's

晚清士人对“文学”启蒙的重视,一般被认为是在甲午战争之后,且多以康有为、梁启超等赴日名人为先驱。然而,作为晚清首批赴日游历使的傅云龙对“日本文学”的发现,却很少被提及。傅云龙在《游历日本图经》中专设“日本文学”一门,上卷以江户儒学为中心,兼论诗学、书学、医学、兵学,下卷专论明治时期日本的学校教育。傅云龙的文学观虽然未脱士大夫风的广义“文学论”,但他通过对明治二十年日本的踏查,既感知到了西学与汉学地位之升降,亦捕捉到了西洋教育对文学“启蒙”“开化”之重视。傅云龙对“日本文学”的发现,在晚清的日本研究著作中具有重要的先驱意义。

The late Qing scholars'attention to the enlightenment of“literature”is generally considered rise after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895,and Kang Youwei,Liang Qichao and other intellectuals who went to Japan are usually regarded as pioneers.While as the major member of the first cultural travelers group who was sent to Japan in late Qing Dynasty,Fu Yunlong,along with his discovery of“Japanese literature”are rarely mentioned.Fu Yunlong set up an independent chapter“Japanese Literature”in Japan,With Maps and Tables:the first half of the chapter focuses on Edo Confucianism,and also discusses poetry,calligraphy,medicine,and military studies;the second half of chapter focuses on school education in Japan during the Meiji period.Although Fu Yunlong's literary view did not outstand the general conclusions of“literary theory”defined by scholar-officials at his times,through the investigation of Japan in the 20th year in Meiji era,not only did he grasp the rise and fall of the status of Western learning and Sinology,but he also recognized the important role that literature has led,as the sign of“enlightenment”and“civilization”,in the history of Western education.Fu Yunlong's discovery of“Japanese literature”has pioneering significance among Japanese studies in the late Qing Dynasty.