“造园如作诗文”:中国园林营构与文学创作的会通

“Gardens Construction like Poems Writing”:The Integration of Chinese Garden Construction and Literary Creation

中国园林和文学孕育于同一文化土壤,园林构筑与文学创作之间亦会通互渗。“有法无式”是中国艺术创作的基本准则,文学创作提倡“活法”,反对“死法”,园林营构反对模拟蹈袭,倡导新创与因地制宜。“以少总多”作为中国艺术创作的本质性规定,是中国古人对文学创作的基本要求,园林构筑也试图在有限空间造无限幽境。作为艺术手法的虚实互见是创构意境的重要途径,中国文学创作强调虚实结合生无限意境,虚实相济更是造园的根本法则,尤其体现在中国园林构筑贵“曲”之上。

Chinese gardens and literature are bred in the same cultural soil,and there is mutual penetration between gardens construction and literary creation.Rules(fa)without a Specific Models(shi)is the basic criterion of Chinese artistic creation.Literary creation advocates Flexible Law(huo fa)and opposes Rigid Law(si fa).Garden construction opposes blind imitation and acceptation,and advocates new creation and adaptation to local conditions.As the essential stipulation of Chinese artistic creation,Seeing Whole Things through Small Ones(yi shao zong duo)is the basic requirement of ancient Chinese literary creation,and garden construction also tries to create infinite seclusion in limited space.As an important artistic technique to create artistic conception(yi jing),the Combining of Nihility and Reality(xu shi hu jian)is emphasized in Chinese literary creation to produce infinite artistic conception,while it is also the fundamental principle of garden construction,especially the Twists and Turns(gui qu)reflected in the construction of Chinese gardens.