气候变化背景下农业绿色发展能力提升研究

Research on Enhancing Agricultural Green Development Capability Under the Background of Climate Change

气候变化是全人类面临的共同挑战,关乎子孙后代的福祉。农业是温室气体的重要排放源,在改变全球气候方面发挥着重要作用;同时,农业也是受气候变化影响最直接的脆弱产业。气候变化不仅影响农业产能水平,增加农业生产成本,而且会对农业生产环境造成一定影响。在气候变化背景下,提升农业绿色发展能力面临着农业气候风险管理机制不完善、农业气象灾害防御能力较弱、农业气象灾害监测预警系统缺乏以及应急管理能力不足等气候风险,亟须破解生态资源禀赋不足、绿色生产效率低下、技术创新能力不足以及质量监管机制不健全等现实困境。新时代农业绿色发展的根本目标是为14亿国人提供安全优质的农产品,同时推动农业生产环境的改善,助力“双碳”目标的实现。提升农业绿色发展能力必须明确其三大核心,即耕地土壤质量的保护、灌溉用水水质的保护以及农作物种质资源的保护。基于农业绿色发展应适应气候变化趋势的思考,全面提升农业绿色发展能力需要从农业基础设施、农业种植结构、农技推广服务、农业气象灾害防控体系等领域着手改善。

Climate change is a common challenge faced by all humanity and concerns the well-being of future generations.Agri-culture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and plays a crucial role in changing the global climate.Meanwhile,agricul-ture is also the most vulnerable industry directly affected by climate change.Climate change not only affects the level of agricultural pro-duction capacity and increases agricultural production costs,but also has a certain impact on the agricultural production environment.In the context of climate change,enhancing the green development capacity of agriculture faces climate risks such as incomplete agricul-tural climate risk management mechanisms,weak defense capabilities for agricultural meteorological disasters,lack of monitoring and early warning systems for agricultural meteorological disasters,and insufficient emergency management capabilities.It is urgent to solve the practical difficulties of insufficient ecological resource endowments,low green production efficiency,insufficient technological inno-vation capabilities,and inadequate quality supervision mechanisms.The fundamental goal of green development in agriculture in the new era is to provide safe and high-quality agricultural products for 1.4 billion Chinese people,while promoting the improvement of ag-ricultural production environment and helping to achieve the“dual carbon”goal.To enhance the green development capacity of agricul-ture,it is necessary to clarify its three core areas,namely the protection of soil quality in cultivated land,the protection of irrigation water quality,and the protection of crop germplasm resources.Based on the consideration that agricultural green development should a-dapt to the trend of climate change,it is necessary to comprehensively enhance the capacity of agricultural green development from the aspects of agricultural infrastructure,agricultural planting structure,agricultural technology promotion services,and agricultural mete-orological disaster prevention and control system.