清末北京戏剧改良与义务戏

Drama Reform and Compulsory Drama in Beijing in the Late Qing Dynasty

清末北京义务戏深受戏剧改良运动影响,其演进过程呈现出多种新元素,不仅促进戏剧改良,而且在一定程度上推动社会风俗改变。一方面,戏剧改良运动促进艺人与报人合作开演义务戏,推动义务戏在传统表演形式中增添许多近代元素,如戏剧内容革新、舞台元素多样化和女性群体加入。另一方面,义务戏受到近代启蒙思想影响,热心助赈的新艺人成为义演主体,成为启蒙与宣教活动的实践者。同时,义务戏也促进社会风俗改良,艺人社会形象得以重塑,其社会地位也有所提高。清末北京义务戏体现出传统与现代的交织,也是本土文化与外来文化碰撞的结果。

Beijing’s voluntary drama in the late Qing Dynasty was deeply influenced by the Drama Reform Movement,and its evo-lution showed a variety of new elements.It not only contributed to the improvement of the theatre,but also promoted the change of social customs.For one respect,the Drama Reform Movement enhanced the joint cooperation between artists and journalists in charity per-formances.It also added many modern elements to the traditional performance form of compulsory drama,such as the innovation of dra-matic content,the diversification of stage elements and the inclusion of women.For another respect,the voluntary drama was trans-formed by the modern enlightenment,and the newcomers among the theatre artists who were enthusiastic about helping the poor became one of the main subjects of the voluntary drama,as well as the practitioners of the enlightenment and missionary activities.The volunta-ry drama also contributed to the improvement of social customs,the reshaping of the artists’image and the upgrading of their status.Beijing voluntary drama in the late Qing Dynasty reflected the interweaving of ancient times and modern life,and the collision of domes-tic and foreign cultures.