外泌体在恶性肿瘤中的研究现状

Current status of research on exosomes in malignancies

外泌体是一种由大多数真核细胞分泌的膜性囊泡,其直径为30~150 nm,含有与其功能及起源密切相关的RNA、蛋白质及脂质,在细胞之间信息交流中发挥重要作用。其可通过促进肿瘤细胞的增殖及迁移、改善肿瘤微环境、抑制免疫反应等途径促进肿瘤的进展。此外,外泌体在某些肿瘤中表达水平较高,可作为肿瘤的预测因子,用于肿瘤的早期诊断;也可作为载体,携带靶向药物到达肿瘤局部,发挥抑癌作用。

Exosomes are membranous vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells,which are approximately 30-150 nm in diameter and contain RNA,proteins and lipids closely related to their function and origin,playing an important role in cell-to-cell communication.It can promote tumor progression by promoting the proliferation and migration of tumor cells,improving the tumor microenvironment and inhibiting the immune response.In addition,exosomes are expressed at high levels in certain tumors and can be used as predictors of cancer for early diagnosis.It can also be used as a carrier to carry targeted drugs to the local tumor to exert an inhibitory effect.