数字平台生态系统的类别划分:研究现状探析与未来展望

The Categorization of Digital Platform-based Ecosystems:Existing Literature and Future Directions

基于结构观和过程观的视角,总结了数字平台生态系统类别划分的现有研究。结构观强调按照构成数字平台生态系统的稳定元素和存在单元对其进行类别划分,包括数字平台生态系统的活动单元、行为主体、连接结构和位置层次等。过程观强调按照数字平台生态系统中各组成主体、活动单元与结构元素的相互作用、发展和演化过程对其进行类别划分,包括数字平台生态系统的涌现过程、协作与治理过程、价值创造与分配过程等。以此为基础,依据一元观,从数字平台生态系统的服务对象类型、参与者范围和核心功能等方面出发,构建了数字平台生态系统的一维分类标准。随后,通过整合结构观和过程观,基于数字平台生态系统中层级结构和市场结构以及交易过程和创新过程的两两组合,总结出数字平台生态系统的分类矩阵,阐明审查交易型、主导创新型、自由交易型、开放创新型等4类数字平台生态系统在关系结构、活动过程、适用情境和发展挑战等方面的显著差异化特征。最后,提出针对数字平台生态系统的未来研究展望,以期为数字平台生态系统的管理实践提供指导。

In the era of the digital economy,the value creation of enterprises increasingly hinges on the digital platform-based ecosystem in which they operate.There is an organic inter⁃action between the internal physical architecture and social structure of the digital platform-based ecosystems,and these,in turn,co-evolve with the external environment.Undertaking re⁃search on the categorization of digital platform-based ecosystems is helpful in addressing the core issue of"the boundaries of digital platform-based ecosystems".It simplifies the complexity of digital platform-based ecosystems,aids platform participants in devising purposeful strategic designs and actions,and assists regulatory authorities in crafting more targeted policies.There⁃fore,based on the theoretical construction methodology,we first employ a typological research approach to distill the logical starting points of existing categorizations of digital platform-based ecosystems—based on structure and process perspectives.The structure perspective focuses on categorizing according to the stable elements and existent units that constitute the digital platform-based ecosystem,including its activity units,actors,connectivity content,and loca⁃tional hierarchies.The process perspective highlights categorization based on the interactions,development,and evolutionary processes among the constituents,activity units,and structural el⁃ements of the digital platform-based ecosystem,including its emergence,collaboration and gov⁃ernance processes,and value creation and distribution.On this basis,this paper constructs a classification framework for digital platform-based ecosystems.Firstly,from a monistic perspec⁃tive,this study categorizes them according to the type of service object into consumer Internet and industrial Internet;according to the scope of participants into unilateral and multilateral digital platform-based ecosystems;according to the core function into transactional and innova⁃tive digital platform-based ecosystems.Secondly,by integrating the structure and process per⁃spectives,we propose a categorical matrix framework for the unfolding of digital platform-based ecosystems.Based on the pairwise combinations of relational structures(hierarchy structure,market structure)and activity processes(transaction process,innovation process)of digital platform-based ecosystems,we outline a matrix including four specific types:regulated transac⁃tional,leading innovative,free transactional,and open innovative digital platform-based ecosys⁃tems,and detail the differentiated characteristics of their relational structures,activity processes,applicable scenarios,and development challenges.Finally,this study presents a research out⁃look on the emergence of diverse categories within digital platform-based ecosystems,aiming to provide insights with more theoretical granularity for the practical application of digital platform-based ecosystems.