放牧对典型草原生态系统结构与功能的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Grazing on the Structures and Function of Typical Grassland Ecosystems

草地生态系统作为全球最大的农牧业生态系统,在全球气候变化、养分循环、保持水土等方面具有重要的作用。放牧作为草原管理中的一种常见措施,是草地生态系统多功能性的主要驱动力,在很大程度上决定了草原生态系统的健康和可持续发展。为了更深入地了解放牧对草原生态系统的影响,在中国知网(CNKI)数据库就“放牧”和“草原生态系统”等关键词进行文献检索,分析了放牧对草地植物组成及多样性、土壤微生物群落特征、土壤性质以及养分循环等方面的影响。结果表明:适度放牧更有利于草地生态系统的健康发展,是有利的草原管理措施。并提出了未来放牧与草地生态系统的相关研究中应多注重草原自身特性,选择适宜的放牧强度,并多关注放牧对地下生物多样性的影响,以期为更好地发挥草地生态系统多功能性提供参考。

As the world's largest agro-pastoral ecosystem,grassland ecosystems play an important role in global climate change,nutrient cycling,and soil and water conservation.Grazing,as a common measure in grassland management,is the main driver of the multifunctionality of grassland ecosystems,which largely determines the health and sustainable development of grassland ecosystems.In order to better understand the effects of grazing on grassland ecosystems,this paper conducted a literature search on the keywords"grazing"and"grassland ecosystems"in the database of China Knowledge Information Network(CNKI),and analyzed the effects of grazing on the composition and diversity of grassland plants,the characteristics of soil microbial communities,soil properties,and the quality of grassland ecosystems.The effects of grazing on grassland plant composition and diversity,soil microbial community characteristics,soil properties and nutrient cycling were analyzed.The results showed that moderate grazing is more conducive to the healthy development of grassland ecosystems and is a favorable grassland management measure.It was also suggested that future research on grazing and grassland ecosystems should pay more attention to the characteristics of grassland itself,choose the appropriate grazing intensity,and pay more attention to the impact of grazing on the underground biodiversity,so as to provide a reference for better utilization of the multifunctionality of grassland ecosystems.