改性生物炭吸附固定环境中Cd(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ)的研究进展

Research Progress in the Adsorption and Immobilization of Cd(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ)in the Environment Using Modified Biochar

吸附法常用于修复环境中Cd(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ)的复合污染。环境友好、成本低廉的生物炭成为广泛应用的吸附剂,但存在吸附常量有限、选择性差等缺点,为此常采用改性来增强其吸附固定效果。综合分析了改性生物炭吸附固定镉、铅的影响因素,包括生物炭的原料、改性方法及改性剂种类和浓度、热解温度、Cd(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ)的竞争、投加量、pH值和干扰离子及改性生物炭吸附固定重金属的机理。最后强调通过调控条件改变生物炭性质提高吸附能力,展望指出需深化复合污染环境下改性方法、生物炭在环境中长期稳定性的研究,实现更有效的重金属修复。

The study summarizes the use of adsorption methods for remediating combined Cd(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ)pollution in the environment.Environmentally friendly and cost-effective biochar is widely applied as an adsorbent,but it has limitations such as finite adsorption constants and poor selectivity.Therefore,modification is commonly employed to enhance its adsorption and fixation efficiency.This paper comprehensively analyzes the influencing factors of modified biochar on the adsorption and fixation of cadmium and lead,including biochar raw materials,modification methods,types and concentrations of modifiers,pyrolysis temperature,competition between Cd(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ),dosage,pH,interfering ions,and the mechanism of modified biochar adsorption and fixation of heavy metals.Finally,it emphasizes the enhancement of adsorption capacity by adjusting biochar properties through control of conditions.The outlook underscores the need for further research on modification methods and the long-term stability of biochar in complex pollution environments to achieve more effective heavy metal remediation.