拥抱文化数字化战略:非遗数字化实践回顾与前瞻

Embracing Cultural Digitization Strategy: Review and Prospect of Intangible Cultural Heritage Digitization Practice

基于信息通讯技术发展而来的数字化模式,在解决非物质文化遗产(以下简称非遗)保护与传承的现代困境中发挥着越来越重要的作用。自20世纪90年代以来,非遗数字化已经历了理念引入、项目初探、工程推进和融合发展四个阶段的发展历程。当前,国内外非遗数字化实践形成了面向用户的开发、重视传承与传播、注重公众的参与、重视与科技融合等典型特征。但我国非遗数字化实践仍存在保存与获取的失衡、保存与保护的失衡、社会参与度尚不高等困境。基于此,结合文化数字化战略要求,我国非遗数字化实践应在以下方面进行提升:整合非遗数据资源,融入文化大数据体系;注重用户需求,推进用户导向的多元化开发;促进非遗体验场景化,助力“非遗+”新业态;善用新兴技术实现非遗的活化、教育与传承。

The digitization model based on the development of ICTs is playing an increasingly important role in solving the modern dilemma of the safeguarding and inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH).Since the 1990s,the ICH digitization has gone through four stages of development:concept introduction,preliminary exploration of project,project construction and integrated development.At present,typical features such as user-oriented exploitation,emphasis on inheritance and dissemination,public participation and integration with technology have been formed in practice of ICH digitization.Therefore,there are still problems such as the imbalance between preservation and access,the imbalance between preservation and safeguarding,and the low level of social participation in the practice of digitization of ICH in China.Based on this,combined with the trends in the field of cultural digitization,the article puts forward the following suggestions to break through the dilemma of the digitization practice of ICH in China:integrating ICH data resources and integrating into the cultural big data system;paying attention to research on user needs and promote user-oriented diversified development;facilitating experience of ICH in real scenes and“ICH+”new business;using emerging technologies to realize the activation,education and inheritance of ICH.