辽代烧炭业述论

Charcoal-making Industry in Liao Dynasty

辽太祖、太宗时期,大量汉人和渤海人迁入辽境而将烧炭业带入。自此,烧炭业逐渐兴于辽境。辽代烧炭业主要分布在林木资源丰富的大兴安岭地区以及冶炼业发达的华北、辽东等地区,各州县亦存在小规模烧炭业。烧炭业所生产的木炭不仅为辽人的生产生活提供了重要的燃料来源,还被用作墓葬的防潮材料。为满足需求,辽人不仅通过自身烧炭业来制取木炭,还经由榷场从北宋输入木炭。烧炭业满足了人民日常生活所需,推动了辽代经济的发展。但是,耗费大量林木资源的烧炭业也导致了生态环境的恶化。

During the period of Taizu and Taizong of the Liao Dynasty,a large number of Han people and Bohai people moved into the Liao territory and brought in the charcoal-making industry.Since then,the charcoal-making industry gradually flourished in the Liao Dynasty.The charcoal-making industry of the Liao Dynasty is mainly distributed in the Daxinganling area with rich forest resources and the area of nowadays North China and eastern Liaoning with developed smelting industry.There are also small-scale charcoal-making industries in various states and counties.The charcoal produced by the charcoal-making industry not only provides an important fuel source for the production and life of the Liao people,but also is used as a moisture-proof material for tombs.In order to meet the huge demand for charcoal,the Liao people not only produced charcoal themselves,but also imported charcoal from the Northern Song Dynasty.The charcoal-making industry promoted the economic development of the Liao Dynasty and met the needs of people's daily life.However,the charcoal-making industry consumes a lot of forest resources and also leads to the deterioration of the ecological environment.