施工升降机吊笼骨架高精度自动化组装焊接工装设计

Design of high-precision automatic assembly and welding fixture for hanging cage skeleton of construction elevator

由于施工升降机吊笼骨架组装焊接工装存在定位精度差、自动化程度低、夹紧不可靠等缺点,导致焊接零件存在较为严重的焊接变形问题。为此,文中提出并设计了一种高精度自动化组装焊接工装方案。首先,对施工升降机吊笼骨架进行分析,确定组装焊接工艺方案,提出组装焊接工装的整体方案,采用U形布局方式,分为主槽钢架面工装、吊笼底面工装、吊笼顶面工装和驾驶室面工装4部分;其次,针对吊笼骨架不同组成部分的结构特点设计了专用夹具,适用于不同型号吊笼骨架的部件和零件的定位和整笼的组装焊接;最后,通过有限元法和理论计算对焊接工装进行强度校核。该组装焊接工装可减少焊接变形,显著提升吊笼骨架焊接精度,提高焊接生产线的生产效率,对提高产品质量、吊笼运行稳定性和产品竞争力具有重要意义。

Due to the shortcomings of poor positioning accuracy,low degree of automation and unreliable clamping,the welding parts often have serious welding deformation.Therefore,in this paper,a high-precision automatic assembly welding fixture scheme is proposed and designed.Firstly,the crane cage framework of construction elevator is analyzed,the assembly and welding process scheme is determined,and the overall scheme of assembly and welding fixture is put forward,which adopts U-shaped layout and is divided into main channel steel frame surface fixture,cage bottom surface fixture,cage top surface fixture and cab surface fixture.Secondly,a special fixture is designed for the structural characteristics of different components of the cage framework,which is suitable for the positioning of components and parts of different types of cage frameworks and the assembly and welding of the whole cage.Finally,the strength of welders is checked by finite element method and theoretical calculation.The assembly welding fixture can reduce welding deformation,significantly improve the welding accuracy of the hanging cage framework,improve the production efficiency of the welding production line,and is of great significance to improve product quality,hanging cage operation stability and product competitiveness.