福州都市圈生态系统服务价值时空演变及生态-经济协调发展

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Ecosystem Service Value and the Eco-economic Harmonious Development in Fuzhou Metropolitan Area,China

量化分析区域生态系统服务价值(ESV)演变以及空间分异因素,研究生态-经济协调一致性发展特征,有助于推动城市群与都市圈生态功能提升。以福州都市圈为例,基于2001年、2010年、2020年遥感影像数据,采用优化生态系统服务价值评估模型、重心模型、变异系数、协调性指数和一致性指数,结合GIS空间可视化分析,测度福州都市圈生态系统服务价值演变并分析其与经济发展的时空协调演变特征,最后对福州都市圈的生态-经济协调发展战略提出建议。结果表明:①2001~2020年,福州都市圈整体生态系统服务价值先减后增;其中,福州、莆田先减后增,宁德四县(市、区)和南平三区(市)则持续增加;②第一产业占比、年平均气温和植被覆盖率对生态系统服务价值的空间分异解释力较高,在原有自然条件的限制下,福州都市圈生态系统服务价值的空间分异更易受人为因子的干扰而扩大;③福州、莆田、宁德四县(市、区)的生态系统服务重心具有不断远离经济重心的趋势,二者逐渐割裂;④福州都市圈生态经济协调发展冲突尚不明显,但生态系统服务价值增长速度落后于GDP增长速度的区域数量较多,经济发展正在承受越来越大的生态压力,2001~2020年间福州都市圈形成福州、莆田、宁德城区经济集聚与中部六县生态集聚并存的格局。

Quantitative analysis of the evolution of regional ecosystem service value(ESV)and spatial differentiation factors,and study on the characteristics of development of eco-economic harmony and consistency are helpful to promote the improvement of ecological functions of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas.Taking Fuzhou metropolitan area as an example,based on remote sensing image data of 2001,2010 and 2020,combined with GIS spatial visualization analysis,the optimized ESV assessment model,gravity center model,coefficient of variation,harmony index and consistency index,were adopted to measure the evolution of ESV of Fuzhou metropolitan area;secondly,its spatio-temporal harmony evolution characteristics with economic development were analyzed;finally,some suggestions on the eco-economy harmony development strategy of Fuzhou metropolitan area were provided.The results show that①the whole ESV of Fuzhou metropolitan area decreases first and then increases from 2001 to 2020;thereinto,Fuzhou and Putian first decrease and then increase,while 4 counties of Ningde and 3 counties of Nanping continue to increase;②the proportion of primary industry,annual average temperature and vegetation coverage rate have higher explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of ESV;limited by the original natural conditions,the spatial differentiation of ESV in Fuzhou metropolitan area is easily expanded by human interference;③the ecosystem service center of gravity of Fuzhou,Putian and 4 counties of Ningde has a trend of constantly moving away from the economic center of gravity,and the two are gradually separated;④there is no obvious conflict in the harmonious development of eco-economy in Fuzhou metropolitan area,but there are a large number of regions where the growth rate of ESV lags behind the GDP growth rate,and the economic development is under increasing ecological pressure.In the past 20 years,Fuzhou metropolitan area has formed a pattern of coexistence of economic agglomeration in Fuzhou,Putian and Ningde urban areas,and ecological agglomeration in 6 counties,the middle of Fuzhou metropolitan area.