重构本草——知母

Reconstruction of Chinese materia medica-common anemarrhena rhizome

通过古籍文献调研、中药现代研究成果的梳理,结合中医临床及中药学等学科领域内专家学者的认识及应用经验,经讨论认为:知母功效主要为清热泻火,滋阴润燥。症靶为发热、口渴、烦扰不宁、肺热燥咳。标靶为血糖升高。现代药理发现知母及其有效成分具有解热、抗炎、抗病原微生物、降糖、改善气道炎症、缓解肺纤维化、镇静催眠、调节交感神经、抗肿瘤、降血脂等作用。本品苦寒滋腻而质滑,凡脾胃虚寒,寒湿内停,大便溏泄者忌服。临床使用剂量为6~90 g,大剂量使用时,须注意避免知母苦寒损伤脾胃,可配伍生姜、干姜、草果、肉桂等辛温药物,并积极探索知母用量与症靶、标靶的量效关系。

Based on the investigation of ancient books and literature,and achievements of modern research on traditional Chinese medicine,and the understanding and application experience of experts and scholars in the fields of clinical medicine and traditional Chinese pharmacology,it is believed that common anemarrhena rhizome is mainly characterized by the follows:Its effects are mainly clearing heat for purging fire,and nourishing yin for moistening dryness.Its symptom targets are fever,thirsty,dysphoria and dry cough caused by lung heat.Its biochemical indicator target is high blood glucose.Modern pharmacology has found that the herb and its effective components have the antipyretic,anti-inflammatory,pathogenic microorganism-resistant,hypoglycemic,airway inflammation-improving,pulmonary fibrosis-relieving,sedative-hypnotic,sympathetic nerve-regulating,anti-tumor,and lipid-lowering effects.The herb is bitter,cold,greasy and slippery,so it should not be taken by those with the syndromes of deficient cold in the spleen and stomach,internal stagnation of cold-dampness and loose stool.Its clinical dosage range is 6-90 g.When it is used in large doses in clinic,attention should be paid to avoiding the injury of the spleen and stomach caused by its bitter-cold nature.It can be combined with fresh ginger,dried ginger,fructus amomi tsao-ko,cassia bark and other pungent-warm drugs,and the dose-effect relationship between its dosage and symptom targets or test index targets should be actively explored.