老年人跌倒风险感知研究现状及其对老年人主动跌倒预防的启示

Current Status of Research on Fall Risk Perception and Its Implications for Active Fall Prevention in Older Adults

跌倒是老年人致病致死的重要原因。临床医护人员虽已重视对跌倒的管理,但跌倒干预依从性尚不理想,跌倒发生率仍然维持在较高水平,从老年人角度探讨其对跌倒风险的理解可能是跌倒干预,尤其是主动跌倒预防的关键。本文从“健康第一责任人”的角度,对老年人跌倒风险感知的概念、行为后果及影响因素进行总结,发现目前国内外跌倒风险感知研究较少,概念内涵仍需进一步挖掘。老年人对跌倒风险的主观认知能够导致不同的跌倒风险应对行为模式,从而影响跌倒风险。跌倒风险感知影响因素主要聚焦于情绪心理、生理状况、社会文化和物理环境方面,影响过程均通过主观认知发挥作用。未来可结合风险感知形成过程,使用实证研究进一步验证跌倒风险感知的心理认知机制,为主动跌倒预防提供实证依据。

Falls are the important causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults.Although clinical staff have paid attention to the management of falls,adherence to fall interventions is not satisfactory,resulting in the high incidence of fall.Understanding the older adults'own perception of fall risk from their perspective may be the key to fall prevention,especially active fall prevention.In this paper,we reviewed the concept of fall risk perception,behavioral consequences and influencing factors of fall risk perception in older adults from the perspective of"the first person responsible for health",and found that there are fewer studies on fall risk perception in older adults at home and abroad,the conceptual connotation still needs to be further explored.Subjective perceptions of fall risk in older adults can lead to different patterns of fall risk coping behaviors that influence fall risk.The influencing factors of fall risk perception mainly focus on the emotional psychology,physiological conditions,social culture,and physical environment,with the influencing process through subjective cognition.Empirical studies can be used to further validate the psychological cognitive mechanisms of fall risk perception in conjunction with the risk perception formation process in the future,in order to provide empirical evidence for proactive fall prevention.